English Language Learners Methodology Comparison Essay

English Language Learners Methodology Comparison With the rise of immigration in the United States, Americas’ classrooms contain students from different cultures and backgrounds. The academic development of students’ learning relies on teachers’ instructional practices. In order to successfully educate diverse learners, especially English Language Learners (ELLs), teachers use research to gain knowledge on teaching practices. The findings gained from research provide an insight over a topic of interest through statistical data and/or narrative investigations (Choy, 2014). Researchers use qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods to conduct a study. Each methodology contains advantages and disadvantages; therefore, researchers need to decide on an appropriate methodology for the study (McLeod, 2008). The article â€Å"Effects of the Helping Early Literacy with Practice Strategies (HELPS) reading fluency program with Latino English Language Learners: A preliminary Evaluation† (Begeny, Ross, Greene, Mitchell, Whitehouse, 2012) and the article â€Å"Mainstream first-grade teachers’ understanding of strategies for accommodating the needs of English language learners† (Hite Evans, 2006) both focus on ELLs instructional strategies but utilize different research methods. Discussion Types of Methodologies Qualitative . Key elements of qualitative research include research question, small sample size, data collection, and detailed descriptions (McLeod, 2008). â€Å"MainstreamShow MoreRelatedEnglish Language Development Lesson Plan1494 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the English Language Development lesson plan (ELD), learning or developing English is the main objective, and it asserts that content can only be learned when one has developed their English language by use of rich content through grade-appropriate text. In addition, through this plan teachers usually teach the English language as a second language through a system that is differentiated according to English language development levels. In setting up a criteria for learning English as a secondRead MoreResearch Report : Learning A Second Language768 Words   |  4 Pages Research report: Learning a Second Language Course Title: Pre-sessional English Student Number: 16006305 Supervisor: Gabrielle Albertelli Submission Date: 26 August 2016 Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Introduction 4 3. Methodology 5 4. Results 6 5. Discussion 3 6. Conclusion 3 7. Recommendations 3 8. References 3 9. Appendix 3 List of Figures Figure 1.1 L2 is different from L1 Figure 1.2 Rat of L2 learners Figure 2.1 L1 affects L2 in writing FigureRead MoreThe Errors Of Second Language Learners1154 Words   |  5 Pagesstressed the significance of errors of second language learners. Corder (1967), for example, in his important article, notes that they are significant in three different ways. First, to the teacher, in that they show how far towards the goal the learner has progressed. Second, they provide to the researcher evidence of how a language is acquired, what strategies the learner is employing in his learning of a language. Thirdly, they are indisputable to the learner himself because we can regard the makingRead MoreComparison Of First And Second Language Acquisition1332 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of First and Second Language Acquisition This paper gives a comprehensive comparison of how acquiring a first language differs from acquiring a new or a second language. It provides the similarities and differences of the two analogies and gives a critical appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of these two issues. Finally, the paper provides personal suggestions and insights for future research on the same topics. Moreover, the paper will detail the differences between first languageRead MoreMy Philosophy : My Teaching Philosophy893 Words   |  4 Pageslearn English, thousands of people have struggled to master the language. Parents currently invest a lot of money and their children spend enormous amounts of time studying English as government suggests new language policies. However, proper verification and investigation of those policies have not been done yet and the outlet is really not promising (Suh, 2007). Most Korean students study English for tests. The purpose of English is so focused on tests that the situa tion makes the language classroomRead MoreCommunicative Language Teaching ( Clt ) Approach1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of second language learning has undergone, in the past few decades, many changes. Nonetheless, from a variety of methods that have come and gone, one has been adopted as pioneer, which is the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach. Nowadays, in fact, Communicative Language Teaching is one of the most common teaching methods adopted by teachers of second and foreign languages all over the world. Its origin can be found in the late 1960s early 1970s in the British academic systemRead MoreThe Center Of My Research Interest1100 Words   |  5 Pagesamalgamation of certain tools to improve the practice of teaching and learning English as a foreign language, predominantly, on the teaching of reading and writing. Over the past 7 years, through collaborative and individual efforts, I have developed two areas of research to investigate the methods and the cultural tools that teachers may use to improve their teaching practices and students in learning foreign languages. The first area explores the classroom interactions between teachers and studentsRead MoreEnglish Language Teaching Methods3829 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction According to Definitions.net, teaching method is defined as the principles and methods of instruction. Whereas, according to Claudine Kirsch in her book ‘Teaching Foreign Languages in the Primary School’, language teaching method is a comprehensive approach that helps teachers to decide what language skill(s) to develop, what activities and resources to choose and how to plan for progression. However, teaching method often confused with teaching approach. According to DifferencebetweenRead MoreCorpuses Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesCorpuses in Class How can one implement corpuses in the language classroom effectually? It is not easy to answer this question as it depends upon the context where students and instructors are located. Nonetheless, the effectual integration of corpuses in class seems to be dependent upon at least a few instructional requirements or conditions. Thereby, in this section taking account of some limitations and challenges of prevailing corpuses in language corpus, a few recommendations will be made for theRead MoreTeacher Perceptions Of Task Based Language Teaching And Learning Across Canada Essay1267 Words   |  6 Pages101043765 ALDS 5205 11/07/16 Douglas, S. (2014). Teacher perceptions of task-based language teaching and learning across Canada. In H.M. McGarrell D. Woods (eds.) Contact: Refereed Special Research Symposium Issue, 40(2), 11-31. Available at http://www.teslontario.net/publication/research-symposium Abstract This paper presents results from an online survey designed to explore teacher perceptions of Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) in the Canadian context. The survey was grounded in Ellis’ (2009)

How Can You Like For Die - 1889 Words

How Would You Like to Die? Life consists of a large quantity of choices. People make various kind of decisions through every second of their life. Death, as the end of life, also put a full stop on making decisions. Thus, the last decision that people could make, might be how to die. Some people choose to end their life story by waiting in the bed of a hospital or a sanatorium until death comes onto their faces which are full of fear with their family crying in front of them. The others make a decision to find a perfect time, a wonderful place and leave the world in their own way. Just like John Keats’ arguments in â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale,† â€Å"I have been half in love with easeful death†¦Now more than ever seems it rich to die, to cease upon the midnight with no pain† (52-54). Nevertheless, those who made their own choice on how to end their life are treated unfairly. Some would say—and some have said—that suicide is stupid, pointless, an d meaningless. This is far too casual a judgment, too dismissive of the decision the suicidal person made. How to die, as a significant question in one’s life, probably the last decision that one can make, must has some meanings in it. Therefore, suicide, the action that humans choose their own ways to leave the world, should be right. Controlling one’s own death should not be considered as selfish, meaningless or evil. So what is suicide? According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word ‘suicide’ is defined as the action to killShow MoreRelatedWhen I Die ( Three Things I Want You Do Before Die?962 Words   |  4 PagesBefore I Die (Three Things I Want to do Before I Die) A very popular thing of my generation today is something called a bucket list. People create this list, and it is a list of one hundred things that people want to do before they die. A lot of it is a bunch of wild things that are pretty comical, and others are just traveling to places around the world. One way or another it is supposed to be something that is meaningful to people. Some people create and finish them, others make them and thenRead MoreThe And How Much We Spend On It Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesIhrig, Timothy. â€Å"What We Can Do to Die Well† TED. TED, September 2013. Wed, 6 October 2016 In this talk he discusses healthcare in America and how much we spend on it. He also talks about people’s experiences in healthcare and their quality of life from when they are diagnosed with a terminal illness to their death. Timothy Ihrig speaks about his experiences dealing with people going through the healthcare system and how they can improve their quality of life. He tells many stories about patientsRead MorePersuasive Speech On Euthanasia1012 Words   |  5 PagesImagine this, you are lying in your death bed, enduring unimaginable excruciating pain, and you are only surviving with needles pumping substances in and out of you, day and night, while your life is slowly being snuffed out. Would you die slowly, experiencing inhuman suffer knowing that you can never escape the inevitable, living in fear of tomorrow, or would you choose to die a quick, painless and dignified death. And this choice introduces me to my speech topic – why should euthanasia be legalizedRe ad MoreIf We Must Die By Claude Mckay1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem â€Å"If We Must Die† by Claude McKay is not only a sonnet, but also a story that portrays so much more than what first meets the eye. The poem is discussing a group of people who are going off to battle. The narrator of the poem is preparing the group to die, but implying that they must die with honor and in a noble way. The group has been pressed into a corner and there is no way out without a fight and warns them that death is most likely in their future. This poem sheds light into the authorRead MoreLet Me Die - I Want Eternity936 Words   |  4 PagesLet Me Die – I Want Eternity In May Miller’s Poem â€Å"Death is not Master† the persona explains that death is not the master that will increase desperation, but it is a way to become eternally calm. Many poems on the topic of death explain how it is as powerful of a thing that fears the existence of human beings, but Miller’s persona death is used in such way to achieve eternal serenity. She explains death as something that can end all the worlds’ tears, desires and tension and transform the human memoryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 982 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is known as the greatest writer in the English language. We don’t know much about this guy, but we know he had to be smart to write some poems and plays. With a deep understanding of human nature, he knows how to get all types of audiences to come to his plays more than once and also with other little things that we know helps us understand them more. To this day we still have people that read his plays and learn more and more things about them and his writings still have a bigRead More Living And Dying Essay987 Words   |  4 Pageswas an excellent book in many ways. It opened my eyes up to how I would like to die and what I would like to pass on to my loved ones. I don’t always tell my parents and brother that I love them, although very rarely do I tell my closest friends. After reading this book it has helped me be more open with my feelings. After all I will never know when I will die; it could be today or it could be in 70 years. I need to start living life like there may not be a tomorrow. If I do this, even half the timeRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingways Farewell To Arms1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthe village. How the village is rich with crops and how it has a great view of the mountains and rivers. Then ,where our quote takes place it moves to start to talk about nighttime. You hear of how a person can two different personalities and they are the comp lete opposites of each other, like night and day. It’s similar her where Hemingway contrats the difference in the village between night and day. The nighttime is described with stories of how the soldiers marched by. How you can hear the soldiersRead MoreHow long do you want to live? It is not surprising that no one gave me the answer: 1000 years, or,900 Words   |  4 PagesHow long do you want to live? It is not surprising that no one gave me the answer: 1000 years, or, forever. Because we all know death is human faith.But today I want to tell you: Immortality can soon be reality.There’s no doubt that we’re living longer than previous generations. 100 years ago, the average human life span was 30 years. Today, we extend it to almost 70 years. So it is reasonable to ask: How much more can human life span increase?Over 4000 years ago, a Sumerian king seeks eternal lifeRead MoreWhat Is Death And Life After Death?1373 Words   |  6 Pagesplay is death. Death i s the way that people are freed, how they are convinced to keep living, a loss of identification, and a place that is unknown to mankind and a place that will never be known by living people. Death is often thought about by Hamlet who has an encounter with the ghost of his dead father, King Hamlet. Hamlet also ponders why people kill themselves and also what prevents people from killing themselves. He also thinks about how in death nobody is of any greater status than any other

The Case of Online Learning Free Essays

Students go to schools to learn. Through their reading on their textbooks, the inputs from the teacher, and their interactions with other kids, learning is facilitated, even enabled in traditional schools. The public school system is also built upon the notion that there is direct interaction between and among the teacher and the students for the impartation and facilitation of learning. We will write a custom essay sample on The Case of Online Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the growth of the Internet, several applications have been developed to cater to the needs of people who want to study on their own pace from the comforts of their home or wherever they want to study. As such, there are now a lot of online learning programs designed to facilitate the learning in online environments. As a testimony to the growth of online learning, there are now more than 3. 5 million students who are participating in various online learning platforms (National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 2000). Some of these platforms serve to reinforce the interactions of teachers and students in addition to classroom interactions. There are also companies that offer complete online degrees, thus deviating from the usual method of classroom learning. Institutions of higher learning in the United States, Europe and elsewhere in the world, are now offering online classes. According to a study of several academic leaders, it appears that students are satisfied with the results of online learning as much as with the traditional learning contexts. As it stands now, most of the institutions offering online learning are those that are for-profit. This is perhaps due to the high costs associated with maintaining the systems and personnel needed for the online learning classes. Perhaps when the costs of the system decrease, more institutions may offer online classes. It cannot be denied though that online learning programs are on the rise. Post-graduate degrees, particularly, are utilizing online learning programs (Nagy, 2005, p. 80). This paper seeks to look into the online learning phenomenon, the different issues arising from it and the way in online learning differs from traditional schools. Given the differences in approach, it would be necessary to analyze online learning and look at the areas where it works best and at the areas where it is not very effective. In comparison with traditional schools, there are marked differences in online learning settings. In the first place, students and teachers are no longer â€Å"physically present† to conduct the learning sessions and discuss about issues and concerns regarding different topics at hand. The level of discussion has been transferred from physical presence to virtual presence. Moreover, students and teachers alike can no longer see each other. Hence, they can no longer rely on visual and body clues whether they understood each other or not. The interaction tends to be limited to online interactions, which are largely driven by text and written communication. The Basics of Online Learning Online learning is a high technology variation of distance learning through correspondence, which have been used by schools and educational institutions prior to the Internet’s widespread use and popularity. With online learning, there is a number of technology being used to facilitate the learning process. There are multi-media applications and presentation available through a CD-ROM or through a secure website, emails, blogs, wiki, chat, as well as podcasts and discussion boards among others being used for this purpose. Most of the time, these tools and equipment are used together to help maximize the learning process for the student. The usual approach in online learning is the establishment of a Virtual Learning Environment, which has a particular kind of user interface so that the student can navigate through the system more easily. A number of universities are now offering online college degrees in addition to the degrees being offered through the traditional programs that they have. Online certificate programs are also widely available. In addition to traditional schools and online classes, a lot of universities are also using the Internet to provide advice to students, counsel them, and make books and resources available to students wherever they may be (Salmon, 2000, p. 27). There is a trend towards blended learning, in which traditional classroom instruction and online learning are blended together. Through this approach, students are able to maximize their time during the class sessions and they also make use of multimedia to address different topics in their online classes. Usually, online learning boosts the student’s learning capabilities or help them do something specific. The multimedia content may have information only or in some cases, the multimedia applications also require the student to perform some activities or tasks related to the lessons being studied (Salmon, 2000, p. 31). Pedagogical Approaches used in Online Learning Online learning is similar to traditional schools in that it still has to use the pedagogical approaches although there are differences in the way that these approaches are applied to online learning. In the first place, the instructional design for online learning is also developed by an educator based on the curriculum being followed by the online course. The social constructivist pedagogy is also applied to online learning. Through the different technological tools available, the students and the teachers can collaborate together in different online activities. Through the use of forums, and other interactive tools such as blogs, the students and the teacher alike are able to create content for themselves and for the benefit of the whole class (Lambropoulos Zaphiris, 2007, p. 106). There is also a conversational model described by Salmon (2000, p. 24), which works best in online discussion forums occurring online. Through the online conversations and collaborations, online students can also develop the cognitive aspect of learning since the senses and the brain coordinates well in doing the online learning. Their learning process though is slightly modified because of the different situation in online learning. Yet, the emotions of students are also engaged in the process of learning online (Areskog, 1995, p. 37). The difficulty, however, is that detecting these emotions are not automatic and the teacher and students may have to rely on word clues as to the emotional state of a student. After all, nobody can see a person be affected emotionally through the texts being written in chat boxes. Truly, the realm of the physical is no longer present in online learning environments. The behavior of students in online learning environments is also a little more difficult to measure and gauge as they are not able to make a presentation in front of the whole class or catch the stare of the teacher. If a student is bored during an online class, the teacher has no clue whatsoever except perhaps the lack of paragraphs and sentences being communicated by the student. Perhaps, the teacher or facilitator may be able to detect a bored and sleepy student if he makes an irrelevant remark. The context of online learning is also very different from traditional schools. At least, in traditional schools, students may be able to enjoy the full environment of the academe—the library, the laboratories, as well as interactions with different teachers and students. This is lacking in the online learning environment. True, the student may have additional learning opportunities online but the experience of being in an academe is still different. Although this is the case, online learning should enable a student to still interact with other people and help them embark on a joint pursuit of learning and discovery of knowledge. Likewise, the pressure emanating from other students is also important in the learning process. How to cite The Case of Online Learning, Papers

Business Combinations

Question: Polly Ltd has recently acquired all the issued shares of Bingo Ltd and will be required to prepare consolidated financial statements at the end of the next financial year. The accountant for Polly Ltd, Ms Olivia Owl, has been informed that she will need to consider applying AASB 3 Business Combinations in preparing these statements. Unfortunately, this has caused Olivia some confusion as she is not aware of any links between AASB 3 and AASB 10.Discuss how AASB 3 Business Combinations may be related to the application of AASB 10 Consolidated Financial Statements. Answer: AASB 3 Business Combining is the same as IFRS 3 from the very same label because issued because of the Global Information technology Specifications Board. The intention of AASB 3 is usually to help the information supplied about business combining through setting up ideas and also demands to the acquirer. It's relevant intended for twelve-monthly credit reporting times start in or perhaps following 1 September 09, along with early on usage acceptable intended for for-profit entities via 30 June 2007 (Wines, 2007). Does not connect with business combo involving: The particular enhancement of your three way partnership The particular acquisition associated with property that not comprises a profitable business. In such cases, the particular acquirer indentifies and also acknowledges well-known property acquired and also financial obligations thought, and also allocates the cost of the particular acquisition to each resource and also legal responsibility dependant on their particular good valuations at acquire date. Reputation associated with goodwill is banned in this instance Entities or perhaps corporations underneath widespread management. Figuring out a profitable business combo The particular property acquired and also financial obligations thought ought to comprise a profitable business. Appendix M specifies a profitable business because consisting of advices and also processes that are able to make outputs. The particular acquisition approach Each business combo is paid for intended for while using acquisition approach, which needs: Figuring out the particular acquirer (one from the entities in a business combo have to be identified as the particular acquirer) Deciding the particular acquisition date, that's the particular date using the acquirer acquires management from the acquiree Identifying the particular well-known property (including intangible assets) acquired and also, the particular financial obligations thought (must satisfy the resource and also legal responsibility explanation within the Framework), assessed at good benefit because with the acquisition date. Conditions consist of: It all depends financial obligations need to be recognized at good benefit at acquisition date Deferred place a burden on property or perhaps financial obligations are usually recognized and also assessed prior to AASB 112 Taxes Member of staff positive aspects measures are usually recognized and also assessed underneath AASB 119 Member of staff Benefits Indemnification property are usually recognized and also assessed about the same time frame since the indemnified item Reacquired rights are usually assessed based on the left over contractual expression Share-based settlement prizes are usually assessed prior to AASB 2 Share-based Check with the acquisition date Almost any property acquired which are labeled held-for-sale at acquisition date are usually assessed underneath AASB 5 Non-current Possessions Used available for purchase and also Concluded Businesses Non-controlling likes and dislikes within the acquiree which are current title likes and dislikes and also entitle the particular members into a in proportion share from the entitys web property are usually assessed at good benefit or perhaps the present title instruments in proportion share within recognized numbers of the particular acquirees well-known web property.Identifying and also calibrating goodwill or a obtain from the good deal acquire (prior to identification of your obtain, the particular acquirer ought to reassess the usage of the particular acquisition strategy to guarantee just about all items recognized and also assessed are appropriate and also prior to the particular standards demands. Goodwill is assessed since the more than: The particular combination from the consideration moved, number of almost any non-controlling curiosity in case accomplished within levels, the particular good benefit from the acquirers recently presented money curiosity about the particula r acquiree, more thanWebsites from the acquisition date numbers of the particular well-known property acquired and also financial obligations thought.It all depends consideration is recognized with the acquisition date good benefit contained in the full consideration moved in return to the acquiree. Each time a business combo is accomplished within levels, the particular acquirer remeasures their recently presented money curiosity about the particular acquiree at their acquisition date good benefit, using the obtain or perhaps reduction recognized within benefit or perhaps reduction.A great acquirer possesses twelve months in the acquisition date (the measurement period) to finalise the organization combo accounting. Then moment, almost any modifications are usually paid for intended for because glitches underneath AASB 108 Information technology Procedures, Alterations within Information technology Quotes and also Problems.Almost any pre-existing romantic relationship or perhaps arrangement involving acquirer and also acquiree do not style area of the business combo; these include taken care of because individual deals paid for for under pertinent Foreign Information technology Specifications (Wines, 2007).Acquisition prices have to be expensed. The one exception to this rule i s prices to issue credit card debt or perhaps money equipment, that are paid for for under AASB 132 and also AASB 139 Subsequent measurement and also accounting Commonly, subsequent measurement associated with property acquired, financial obligations thought and also money equipment issued are usually underneath pertinent Foreign Information technology Specifications. The particular conditions for this are usually:Reacquired rights recognized because intangible property are usually amortised within the left over contractual time periodIt all depends financial obligations are usually assessed with the larger from the volume established underneath AASB 137 Conditions, It all depends Financialobligations and also It all depends Possessions and the volume at first recognized, fewer almost any cumulative amortisation underneath AASB 118 Income.Indemnification property are usually hereafter remeasured at each credit reporting date about the same time frame since the indemnified resource or perhaps legal responsibility. To have an indemnification resource not hereafter assessed at good benefit, administration analyzes the particular collectability from the indemnification resourceAlterations within the good benefit associated with conditional consideration due to information and also scenario present at acquisition date are usually tweaked intended for in the measurement time period. Alterations within good benefit caused by different events (such because conference a good income target) are usually paid for intended for as follows: Whether it is money, it cannot be remeasured and also subsequent arrangement is paid for intended for within moneyWhether it is a good resource or perhaps legal responsibility this is a monetary guitar underneath AASB 139, it is paid for intended for at good benefit as a result of benefit or perhaps reduction.Whether it is not a monetary guitar underneath AASB 139, it is paid for for under AASB 137 or perhaps another suitable standard. References: Wines, G., Dagwell, R., Windsor, C. (2007). Implications of the IFRS goodwill accounting treatment.Managerial Auditing Journal,22(9), 862-880. Powell, S. (2003). Accounting for intangible assets: current requirements, key players and future directions.European accounting review,12(4), 797-811. Street, D. L., Shaughnessy, K. A. (1998). The evolution of the G4+ 1 and its impact on international harmonization of accounting standards.Journal of international accounting, auditing and taxation,7(2), 131-161. Haswell, S., McKinnon, J. (2003). IASB standards for Australia by 2005: catapult or Trojan horse?.Australian Accounting Review,13(29), 8-16. Lonergan, W. (2007). AIFRS-a practitioner's viewpoint.Available at SSRN 1012238. Carlin, T. M., Finch, N. (2007). Early impressions of Australia's brave new world of goodwill impairment.Available at SSRN 954667. Haswell, S., Langfieldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Smith, I. (2008). Fiftyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Seven Serious Defects in AustralianIFRS.Australian Accounting Review,18(1), 46-62. Carlin, T. M., Finch, N., Ford, G. (2007). Goodwill impairment-an assessment of disclosure quality and compliance levels by large listed Australian firms.Available at SSRN 963078. Carlin, T. M., Finch, N. (2008). Advance Australia Fair: The quality of AASB 136 fair value disclosures down under. Brown, A. M. (2006). The financial milieu of the IASB and AASB.Australian Accounting Review,16(38), 85-95. Chalmers, K., Godfrey, J. (2006). Intangible assets: diversity of practices and potential impacts from AIFRS adoption.Australian Accounting Review,16(40), 60-71. AASB, C. A. S. (2014). Business Combinations.Disclosure,66, 77. Dagwell, R., Windsor, C., Wines, G. (2004, February). The Proposed Goodwill Impairment TestImplications for Preparers, Auditors and Corporate Governance. InOne-Day Symposium on Accountability, Governance and Performance in Transition.

Test Anxiety Causes Students To Underperform In Examinations Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction Anxiety is one of the factors that affect pupils during scrutinies. Others factors includes unpreparedness. deficiency of accomplishment in the specific class where the test has been taken or some kind of health-related grounds. There are several researches done and found that common alibi or shall we at least see a ground for pupils who did non performed good in scrutinies that they got nervous or dying during the tests. It is nevertheless of import to emphasize that whichever of these factors present or possibly all of these in the pupil are taking the exams anxiousness is a normal in worlds. Introduction Anxiety is a psychological province of head characterized by cognitive. emotional. behavioural. and physiological constituents ( Campusblues. 2007 ) . A cognitive facet pertains to the ideas that run through your head before. during. and after the awful incident. Emotional facet includes the feeling that you experienced related to dying events. This can be seen if a individual is feel hatred or embarrassed. We will write a custom essay sample on Test Anxiety Causes Students To Underperform In Examinations Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another facet of is behavioural rim of individual. This pertains to unneeded motions of a individual when under stressed. Example of this is. circling of pen in fingers. beating through the tip of fingers. and walking fast. The 4th facet is approximately physiological. This sort of anxiousness includes all the reactions of the organic structure. This is really obvious whenever a pupil is enduring an anxiousness. Probable reactions of the organic structure are crushing of bosom faster. sudating intensively. drying of your oral cavity. All these constituents create a feeling of fright and concern. Anxiety is a common scenario where person may see bosom palpitation. sickness. thorax hurting. shortness of breath and concern ( King. 2007 ) . It has been a common alibi or shall we at least see a ground for pupils who did non performed good in scrutinies that they got nervous or dying during the tests. Underperformance in scrutinies nevertheless are consequences of several factors including unpreparedness. deficiency of accomplishment in the specific class where the test has been taken or some kind of health-related grounds. It is nevertheless of import to emphasize that whichever of these factors present or possibly all of these in the pupil are taking the exams anxiousness is a normal in worlds ( Spielberger. 2006 ) . Anxiety occurs in different position such as experiential. alien. alleviative attention and trial anxiousness ( Foundation. 2007 ) . The focal point of this treatment will be test anxiousness. Test anxiousness is really simple as think but most pupils are barely enduring from it. People tends to take it for granted merely because they believe they can manage it easy but for some single trial anxiousness seems to be truly of import to discourse because they know how this such anxiousness can trip the head of persons. Literature Review AS Lufi et Al. ( 2004 ) states that â€Å"test anxiousness affects people in every field of life. whenever people of all ages have to be evaluated. assessed. and graded with respect to their abilities. accomplishments. or involvements. † ( p. 176 ) . Zeidner ( as cited in Chinta. 2007 ) claimed that emphasis is encountered. and likewise the extent to which emphasis is experienced. is dependent on the grade to which the state of affairs is viewed as emotionally endangering ( p. 177 ) . Actually. anxiousness is positively considered as helpful tool in hiking the human head to execute at normal degrees by maintaining us alert. focused. motivated. Research indicates that the optimum sum of emphasis to maximise public presentation is a moderate grade. Anxiety as a signifier of emphasis maximizes public presentation at normal degree but negatively affects public presentation at either excessively low or excessively high degrees. Further. physical symptoms of anxiousness do non inter fere with exam public presentation but what is traveling on in the head of the one taking the test ( Palmer. 1998 ) . Anxiety works in nerve-racking state of affairss as concerns that interfere with concentration. But what are of import to happen out foremost are the causes or beginnings of anxiousness A research conducted showed that â€Å"Students who experience test anxiousness from the cognitive position are fuss-budgets missing ego confidence† and â€Å"they may be preoccupied with negative ideas. doubting their academic ability and rational competence† ( Sarason A ; Sarason. 1990. as cited by Harris. Henry L. ; Coy. Doris R. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ericdigests. org/2005-2/anxiety. hypertext markup language ) . In add-on. â€Å"test anxiousness is a major factor lending to a assortment of negative results including psychological hurt. academic underachievement. academic failure. and insecurity† ( Harris A ; Coy. 2003 ) . Research The study is conducted in three schools with pupils as participants in the study. Questionnaire was given to pupils. 50 male and 50 females. a sum of 100 participants. This is a â€Å"filling the clean type† questionnaire. Questions pertains to the causes and effects of trial anxiousness among pupils and appropriate steps to cut down trial anxiousness. In add-on. an observation was done to accurately corroborate the replies given by the participants. Sample Questionnaire Name: Educational Attainment: Age: Gender: Causes of Test Anxiety: Effectss of Test Anxiety During Examination: Measures To Extinguish Or Reduce Test Anxiety: Consequences and Discussions Based on the study. one of the major causes of trial anxiousness during scrutinies are unpreparedness and deficiency of accomplishment. Some other factors include wellness related jobs. As a effect. harmonizing to study. many pupils get neglecting classs. Test anxiousness consequence in no concentration with the capable affair. increased pulse. increased sudating. cold custodies. and dry oral cavity. It was besides found that male normally experiences trial anxiousness. consisting to 75 % . Recommendations Before research is implemented. a study must be conducted foremost among schools with lowest go throughing rate among scrutinies. Everybody has the capacity to go through in scrutinies with no trial anxiousness. Such school will practically uncover what are the attitudes and behaviours among pupils in schools. It is besides advised to cognize constabularies and ordinances of a school is implementing earlier. during and after scrutinies. Actions and regulations among schools will. somehow encourage pupils to analyze harder. Decision Test anxiousness is already unconditioned with us. Everybody may see it. However. there are step to command or minimise or even extinguish the causes and effects of trial anxiousness. Test anxiousness affects students’ public presentation during scrutinies and in school. as a whole. Its effects impact on the class degrees of pupils. Pull offing trial anxiousness and execute actions against trial anxiousness before scrutinies will truly extinguish or cut down it. However. it is a ambitious function. Reducing trial anxiousness is non merely an assignment among pupils but it must besides be one of the major topics to undertake among patents. instructors and schools decision makers and counsellors. We live in a ambitious society. a test-taking society. Therefore. trial anxiousness must be reduced or even eliminated. MentionSecond Chinta. R. ( 2007 ) Influencers of exam public presentation: an empirical reproduction in the Middle East. Journal of American Academy of Business. Mar 2007 ; 10. 2. 177. from ABI/INFORM Global. Hembree. R. ( 1988 ) . Correlates. causes. effects. and intervention of trial anxiousness. Review of Educational Research. Spring 1988 ; 58. 1. 47. from Academic Research Library. Lufi. D. . Okasha. S. . A ; Cohen. A. ( 2004 ) . Test Anxiety and its consequence on the personality of pupils with larning disablements. Learning Disability Quarterly. Summer 2004 ; 27. 3. 176. from Proquest Education Journals. Musch. J. . A ; Arndt. B. ( 1999 ) . Test Anxiety versus Academic Skills: A Comparison of Two Alternate Models for Predicting Performance in a Statistics Exam. British Journal of Educational Psychology. March 1999 ; 69. 106-116. from Proquest Educational Diaries Palmer. D. ( 1998 ) . Exam Anxiety. Centre for Student Development McMaster University. Retrieved on August 05. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //csd. McMaster. ca/academic % 20series % 20pdfs/tests % 20and % 20exams/exam % 20anxiety. pdf Campusblues. ( 2007 ) . Test Anxiety [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. campusblues. com/test. asp. Foundation. T. N. ( 2007 ) . What Is Test Anxiety? [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. kidshealth. org/teen/school_jobs/school/test_anxiety. hypertext markup language. Harris. H. L. . A ; Coy. D. R. ( 2003 ) . Helping Students Cope with Test Anxiety. ERIC Digest [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ericdigests. org/2005-2/anxiety. hypertext markup language. King. J. ( 2007 ) . Test Anxiety [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. uoregon. edu/~counsel/test % 20anxiety. htm. Spielberger. C. D. ( 2006 ) . Test Anxiety Inventory [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mindgarden. com/products/tsans. htm.

Different Styles of Painting

Different Styles of Painting Painting can be defined as the practice of applying paint, pigment, use of color, or any other medium to a support surface (Raczka 1). Artist and designers use the term painting to refer to both the act of and the result of painting. Support surfaces where painting can be made include such surfaces such as glass, walls, paper, canvas, and clay or concrete. Furthermore, paintings can be improved by using gold leaf, and other materials such as clay, sand, and pieces of paper variety. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Different Styles of Painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In actual sense, paintings are used for expression purposes and hence there are as many forms and styles as there are artists spanning from the ancient times to the modern era where technology is transforming every aspect of life in the society. This essay seeks to briefly describe the different and major styles of painting, and to compare and co ntrast three different paintings provided. It is proper to acknowledge that painting as a field has undergone significant transformation over time. In the current century, painting has been greatly influenced by technological advancement and has led to numerous variety of painting styles to select from. The transformational journey started mainly from the later years of the 19th century through the 20th century facilitated by the discovery of metal paint tube and photography and the ever changing events world wide. The range of art styles vary from those that are most realistic to the ones that are most abstract (Raczka 4). Realistic painting relies on the tactical use of paint, color, and tone to create a convincing illusion of reality where the paint resembles the actual object or phenomenon in a real life situation. Another art style is the painterly which closely resembles the realism one only that it uses paint as it is without trying to make smooth the texture to achieve reali sm. This can easily be noticed through brushwork. Impressionism, the third style of art emerged in the 19th century but is still admired to date despite the initial criticism it faced in France. It mainly looks like an incomplete paint work creating an impact of light on the surface. Expressionism and fauvism styles are less concerned with creation of reality by the use of perspective. They aim at creating an impact on emotions without sensitivity to color or tone. The last art style is the abstract one and the paintings are far from resembling the reality. This work is intentionally not meant to be representational (Raczka 26). To illustrate the above styles of painting, we shall compare and contrast the three paintings provided on the slides by using block method. The first painting is by a great American artist by the name Frederic Edwin Church (1826-1900). The â€Å"Heart of the Andes,† is a landscape painting and was done in 1859. From a keen observation of the paintin g, we realize that the style used is that of realism. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Church effectively strives to create a real life impression of the tropical scene. The work depicts a river that is bordered by dense vegetation, upland plains, and the rugged, towering, and snowcapped mountains. Church’s work creates a real impression of wilderness since there is no sign of human life. The second landscape painting was done by Jasper Francis Cropsey (1823-1900), an American just like Church. Cropsey produced the paint in 1865. This work uses the realism art style to depict the fiery autumn scenery where there are mountains, valleys, and forests. The presence of human beings can be seen as well as their encroachment which is depicted by the presence of a railroad. The train’s smoke echoes the clouds above hence creating a peaceful coexistence between man and nature. Lastly, we have the third painting by an American, Charles Sheeler (1883-1963). Sheeler painted it in the 20th century (1931). He used the â€Å"precisionism† art style to depict this large architectural impression of a factory. Sheeler used clear light with an amalgamation of both realism and abstraction art styles. In a nutshell, this work depicts; a hard, exact, flat, huge, and industrial product. There is nothing living or organic in this particular painting which illustrates clearly the influence that the difference in context and culture can have on the artists’ work. This essay has described the various major styles of painting. It has also analyzed the three paintings with an aim of drawing a comparison as well as contrast among them. We can conclude from the analysis that art and design is a product of its context and is greatly influenced by culture and time frame. The first two paintings have the same theme, landscape, while the third depicts an industrial age of the 20th century. Church’s and Cropsey’s work have the most similarities both in style and theme while Sheeler combines both the realism and abstract styles of painting. Work Cited Raczka, B. Name That Style: all about isms in Art. Millbrook Press, 2008, Pp. 1-30.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Different Styles of Painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Why do some protest groups use violence in the context of collective Essay

Why do some protest groups use violence in the context of collective action - Essay Example These forms may range from individual actions to groups actions or even roadside group demonstrations (Dalton 2003, p.53). Furthermore, they can advance into use of physical demos or demonstrations by use of technology such as social media. Protests are normally undertaken to promote particular courses and depending on whether protestors or protest groups face some forms of obstacles or not, protests may be violent or non-violent in nature (Gilcher-Holtey 2008, p.5). Therefore, protests groups can be pronounced any form of group in the society that takes any grounds to publicly demonstrate protests or cause civil disobedience. Such acts are normally intended to take the peaceful and non-violent paths and are normally aimed at acting against any form of official repression (Gilcher-Holtey 2008, p.8). The restrictions that such protests groups may face prompting violence entail restricted government policy, the state of the economy, religious barriers, bureaucratic social structures or even the monopoly that exists in the media. The laws of most of the countries in the world are today aligned in a way that allows for an assembly by groups to express the societal interests (Turner 1981, p.12). In the process of expressing pubic concerns, protests by the protests groups should not at any cost be violent; however, as has been stated in the previous paragraph among the stated reasons, protest groups may at times follow violent means to express their message (Dalton 2003, p.67). The society is normally in a position of handling issues up to some defined limits, therefore, the reasons why violence erupts can be summarized as political and socioeconomic in nature (Turner 1981, p.18). These may be in the form of unequal treatment and total disregard of such groups, this arises in the sense that the groups are voiceless and no relevant body wants to lend them an ear. The nature of poverty in which most people live in the society can cause an eruption into violent protest. Greed as depicted on resources as well as the environmental factors is another cause. Insecurity and scarcity of the group demands coupled with the urgency of such demands (Weldon 2011p.23). Political and institutional factors have a range of inbuilt causes of violent eruptions and these ranges from the weaknesses expressed by the state to a breakdown in social contracts and corruption. Such weaknesses provide grounds upon which such bodies find it difficult to manage the internal and external protests of groups (Weldon 2011, p.44). The institutions as a result are not in any position to peaceful management of group conflicts, provide strong protection measures for the different groups in the society or to the worse, unable to provide for the demand for the groups to participate on fair political platform and express themselves. Forms of political ideologies and ways of handling violence in case they occur can result into violent group protests or not. In mature democracies, manage their protesting groups peacefully through democratic inclusion as opposed to autocratic governments who apply force (Gilcher-Holtey 2008, p.4). Violent protests in a given society like in UK could be fuelled by the aforementioned factor. This is so because of the strength possessed by propagators of violence and their ability to retaliate. Violent protests in this platform results mainly from the group fears for the future, the weaknesses of the state and repress violence creating responses by the marginalized groups among other stakeholders (Zamorano 1999,p.234). It is evident that most of the protests that have become violent in Europe have been because of power struggles and exclusion.

HBR 6 - Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HBR 6 - - Case Study Example Consequently, companies depend upon these executives too much and their departure can cost a company all its success. The bossy and non-cooperative style of the overachieving executives demotivates other organizational personnel. As opposed to such bossy style of leadership driven by the excessive motivation for achievement in the executives, the authors have identified directive, visionary, affiliative, participative, pacesetting, and coaching styles of leadership as the ones that can help an executive manager motivate organizational personnel. None of these leadership styles can be established as better or worse than the other as each has its own pros and cons. The hypothesis of this article is that overachieving managers can only bring short term success for a company and fail to develop rapport with other organizational personnel. Another hypothesis of this article is that in order to ensure long term success of a company, it is imperative that the executives place more emphasis on the organizational personnel than numbers and

Persuasive speech - Prison reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persuasive speech - Prison reform - Essay Example These changes were perceived as denying justice to victims and a further change was made. There is hope in future to diagnosis medically and come up with a treatment that will assist prisoner reformers future generation. "For example, if the "thrill-seeking gene" could be suppressed via RNAi technology, this could lead to less risk-taking behavior (some of it criminal)." (Wikipedia, 2006) According to reports that have been written, the main problem experienced in our prison is an increase in inmate population. This problem has been experienced more in remand prison and as a result of overcrowding, the prison system experience worse conditions. These inmates are always looked up hence they have less time to use prison time positively. This led to a high rate of suicide among the inmates as a result of depression. (Calls for Reforms, 2002) Other problems in our prisons are the gap that is between those who have already been sentenced with those who have not yet been sentenced. All inmates, either sentenced or not yet sentenced are treated the same. On the other hand, those who have committed capital offence end up being kept together with those who have committed minor offences. Increased cost of operating our prison is another problem that has been experience in our prison. (Calls for Reform, 2006) England and Wales have outstripped imprisonment rate of... Increased cost of operating our prison is another problem that has been experience in our prison. (Calls for Reform, 2006) England and Wales have outstripped imprisonment rate of countries known to have poor record of human rights such as Turkey, Burma, Libya and Malaysia. Their imprisonment was 125 per 100,000 five years ago and this has now increased. (Dobson, 2004) According to carter report, it was suggested that the only way for managing offenders is by reducing offenders and maintaining public confidence. In order to reduce population in our prisons, we need to use reprimands and warnings for low offenders instead of sending them to prison. It was not in the Carter report that fine was no longer used instead of sending a guilty person to prison. This has led to an increase in the number of inmates in our prison, thereby increasing workload to prison warder of guarding, instead of doing their duties of rehabilitation. Instead of sending low offender to prison, Carter report proposed three level sentences namely: community rehabilitation; community punishing and intensive supervision and monitoring. (Dobson, 2004). We can also reduce congestion in our prisons by introducing quick parole/release to those who have committed minor offences. On the other hand, we can reduce cost especial the cost of employing guards provide television sets and conjugal visit to our prisons. Speaking/Keyword Ladies and gentlemen, our guests, our lecturer and my fellow students. I welcome you to listen to my speech on prison reform. Our prison tend to suffer silently as the public do not know what happen in there, as they are kept in secret or hidden world. In the earlier days, our prison violated human rights as they treated inmates harshly, tortured them and denied

The Role of Standards in Photography

The Role of Standards in Photography   Tian Xing (Bill) He Steve McCurry is a world-famous photographer who rose to prominence after his Afghan Girl photograph appeared on the cover of National Geographic back in 1985. The photo has been called one of the iconic images of the 20th century (Cole, 971) and arguably the most famous ever taken by a news photographer (Letzter). His previous photojournalistic efforts won him a Robert Capa Gold Medal in 1980 for documenting the Soviet-Afghan War. In fact, hes one of the most-awarded photojournalists ever, and is also a member of the prestigious Magnum Photos international photographic cooperative. Given his superstar status, when reports in the media revealed some of his photographs had been digitally manipulated, a firestorm of outrage spread quickly throughout the photojournalistic community. The controversy started a fascinating debate about the role of objectivity, truth, integrity and ethics in photography. Should any of these concepts be applied to photography? If so, when and why? Some argue that trying to apply words like objectivity and truth to photography is futile because the very act of taking a photograph is inherently subjective. Photographers make all kinds of decisions when they go about capturing a moment using their cameras: Style, lens choice, position, what to show and what to exclude in the framing, editing equipment choice, toning, sequence are all manipulative and subjective (Agtmael). And yet when photography is intended for journalistic reporting, there is an expectation that it will objectively represent the moment captured. In light of the recent focus on fake news and alternative facts, ethical standards for photojournalism are perhaps more important than ever. Excerpts from the Associated Press Code of Ethics for Photojournalists is relevant: The content of a photograph must not be altered in Photoshop or by any other means. No element should be digitally added to or subtracted from any photograph. The faces or identities of individuals must not be obscured by Photoshop or any other editing tool. Only retouching or the use of the cloning tool to eliminate dust on camera sensors and scratches on scanned negatives or scanned prints are acceptable. Minor adjustments in Photoshop are acceptable. These include cropping, dodging and burning, conversion into grayscale, and normal toning and color adjustments that should be limited to those minimally necessary for clear and accurate reproduction (analogous to the burning and dodging previously used in darkroom processing of images) and that restore the authentic nature of the photograph. Changes in density, contrast, color and saturation levels that substantially alter the original scene are not acceptable. Backgrounds should not be digitally blurred or eliminated by burning down or by aggressive toning. The removal of red eye from photographs is not permissible (qtd. in Cooke). There is still a question, however, whether or not McCurry should rightfully be held to these kinds of standards. None of the photos identified as manipulated were produced for photojournalistic purposes. Does the mere fact that he built his reputation in photojournalism mean he must forever be held to such standards? Is he not allowed to engage in a more artistic photography? McCurrys own response to the controversy was to say, Today I would define my work as visual storytelling, because the pictures have been shot in many places, for many reasons, and in many situations (qtd. in Letzter). But he also went on to say the manipulations occurred in his studio without his approval and were mistakes. McCurry himself seems to be on the fence about his position; excusing himself from photojournalistic standards while still offering a mea culpa. While it seems reasonable to relieve McCurry from being held hostage by photojournalistic codes of ethics for non-photojournalistic photography, his own positioning of his work as visual storytelling deserves further consideration, for even this aspect of his work has been roundly criticized as lacking integrity. In A Too-Perfect Picture, Teju Cole compares the Indian culture photography of McCurry with that of Raghubir Singh and finds McCurrys work deficient. McCurrys series of Indian photographs from 1978 to 2012 aimed to evoke an earlier time in Indian history, as well as old ideas of what photographs of Indians should look like (Cole, 972). Based on this statement, one might be led to believe that McCurry is genuinely interested in documenting Indian culture and presenting it authentically in photographs, but Cole makes a case to the contrary. He considers McCurrys style as one that so compromises photography as to render his work astonishingly boring (Cole, 971). Cole insists that what makes a nation unique is a combination of its traditions, customs, history, and how these elements mesh together with the present. Therefore, McCurry provides the spectator with a completely mythologized history of culture, as if it has been violently broken off from the present. McCurrys consideration of a place largely from the perspective of a permanent anthological pastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [is] fantasy (Cole, 972). McCurrys methods are therefore dull bec ause they repackage old ideas as if they are exotic and distant, which aside from dull, is wholly inaccurate. Cole even compares McCurrys vision of peacocks, holy men, painted children, and incense to Coldplays Hymn for the Weekend music video; he describes it as a colorful backdrop to the fantasies of Western visitors (Cole, 974). Cole then argues that McCurry and other Western photographers seem to paint the picture they want to see, not what is actually there, and uses fantasy as a way to make exotic something that is still very real and present in these respective societies. When Cole evaluates Singhs work, he holds it up as an exemplar of what photographers shoulddo. As he writes, [Singhs] work shares formal content with McCurrys: the subcontinental terrain, the eye-popping color, the human presenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Singh gives [his audience] photographs charged with life: not only beautiful experiences or painful scenes but also those in-between moments of drift that make up most of our days (Cole, 972). Because of this style, Cole argues that Singh has a democratic eye and goes above and beyond to take pictures of the entirety of the social space from cities, towns, villages, shops, rivers, worshippers, workers, construction sites, motorbikes, statues, modern furniture, dresses, and the like (Cole, 972). Singh takes approaches from highly sophisticated influences such as Edgar Degas and Helen Levitt, and it shows. Singh is able to tell a story with his photographs in ways McCurry fails to do because McCurry does not capture the wider social space. Rather than using compositional clichà ©s, Singh is able to produce a story that is truly dedicated to providing a more objective account that attempts to break away from preconceived notions. Coles contrast of these two photographers is stark. While Single is always emotionally generous when it comes to acknowledging his subjects for what they are, McCurrys work lacks depth and is a quick message [of] sweetness, pathos, humor that fails to deliver beyond its self-imposed limitations (Cole, 974). McCurrys fantastical portrayals of ancient cultures lack integrity in the eyes of Cole, although this problem is by no means unique to his work. It is a common Western narrative structure. In How to Write About Africa, Binyavanga Wainainaspeaks of the stereotypical images Westerners superimpose onto Africa in their descriptions. Africa is satirized by Wainaia as nothing more than depraved conditions. He writes of an AK-47, prominent ribs, naked breasts as if these subjects are utterly helpless people who are starving to death and rotting (Wainaina, 543 544). He goes into satiric detail about how Africans apparently eat things no other humans eatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and how they wait for the benevolence of the West (Wainaina, 544). While these are all exaggerations, they do make a point: The West is preoccupied with preserving stereotypical Africa. They are obsessed with conservationism and its nature, but they care little beyond this because it is all they see. For Wainaina, however, the real conservationists are the peoples in Africa who truly know the land. Cole and Wainaina both discuss stereotypes as they relate to cultures in India and Africa, which are fueled by Western fantasies. It seems Westerners enjoy telling stories and painting pictures of a lost cultural past, but this is only to maintain their own preconceived notions. They have little to do with the actual lived experiences of these peoples. Masked by these stereotypes, Western spectators see India and Africa as consisting entirely of these brazen caricatures. For Cole, this is just outright bad photography since peoples stories must be told through the photo. If not, then the photo is a mere manipulation of real life. Because any photograph cannot capture the entire social scope of any particular culture, what is chosen for portrayal can paint a distorted, oftentimes dramatized look at marginalized peoples as if they lack agency. This kind of photography most certainly supports a world view with a decidedly Western bent. Like any art, photography embodies subjectivity and bias. What shapes the story of the image goes beyond the subject it captures it also includes the setting, the camera chosen, lighting, and innumerable other elements that go into composing and taking a photograph. If a photographers work falls squarely under the umbrella of photojournalism, there is a responsibility to adhere to a code of ethics to mitigate the subjective aspects. Outside the realm of photojournalism, while Coles criticisms of McCurry related to integrity are well-founded given Western photographys penchant for stereotypes and fantasy in the depiction of other cultures, demanding that photographers always capture the fullness of a peoples culture and story in each photograph goes too far. Besides being unrealistic, photography that is more artistic than journalistic should be judged by standards of aesthetics rather than standards revolving around such concepts as objectivity and truth. Finally, aesthetic standard s are themselves subjective and will differ from person to person, which helps explain why much of McCurrys work can be loved by so many but can also invoke criticisms such as those offered by Cole. Works Cited Agtmael, Peter van. Why Facts Arent Always Truths in Photography. Time, Time, 12 May 2016, time.com/4326791/fact-truth-photography-steve-mccurry/. Cole, Teju. A Too-Perfect Picture. The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, Edited by Laura Buzzard et al., Third, Broadview Press, Peterborough, 2016, pp. 971-974. Cooke, Alex. The Case of Steve McCurry: What Is Truth in Photography? Fstoppers, Fstoppers, 12 May 2016, fstoppers.com/editorial/case-steve-mccurry-what-truth-photography-129505. Letzter, Rafi. The Afghan Girl Photographer Faked Some of His Photos. Does It Matter? Business Insider, Business Insider, 21 May 2016, www.businessinsider.com/steve-mccurry-photo-editing-scandal-2016-5. Wainaina, Binyavanga. How To Write About Africa. The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, Edited by Laura Buzzard et al., Third, Broadview Press, Peterborough, 2016, pp. 543-546.

Volunteering Changed My Life :: Contribution to My Community Service

Community Service is a great opportunity to make a difference in the area you live in. There are so many ways to volunteer. Some people are given chances to do community service when they need to pay off fines for tickets. Most people simply do because they love getting involved. It’s their way of making the community a cleaner, healthier place. Tutoring kids is one type of community service. I can say from experience teaching kids to learn is a great feeling. I know because I’ve been tutoring kids for almost seven months. You’ll be surprised how it makes you feel. To have one of your students’ parents thank you because there child has never been able to make an â€Å"A† in there reading or math class. Just hearing those words lets me know that I am already making a difference. The place that I volunteer at is Casa De Amigos and the children that go there really look up to you. Yes you’re helping them to be able to reach their goals but you’re also teaching them that helping the community can change so many lives. There are many activities that will help the community. Another way that I have experience is picking up trash. This one is very important because you are helping the environment and town that you live in. So why not help your environment to be able to apply for a scholarship. It’s also a fun way to meet people that enjoy making a difference. Picking up trash is one of the most common types of community service. There are so many volunteers a day picking up trash in their neighborhood and all around town. To be able to get involved all you do is call the Midland City Department and they will be glad to guide you where to go so you can help our community. Another service that I have done has been to volunteer at the West Campus Hospital gift shop. It was a great experience for me; if I had the time I would make the effort to volunteer again. For people that is good at socializing with others and love organizing I would recommend volunteering at the gift shop. Volunteering Changed My Life :: Contribution to My Community Service Community Service is a great opportunity to make a difference in the area you live in. There are so many ways to volunteer. Some people are given chances to do community service when they need to pay off fines for tickets. Most people simply do because they love getting involved. It’s their way of making the community a cleaner, healthier place. Tutoring kids is one type of community service. I can say from experience teaching kids to learn is a great feeling. I know because I’ve been tutoring kids for almost seven months. You’ll be surprised how it makes you feel. To have one of your students’ parents thank you because there child has never been able to make an â€Å"A† in there reading or math class. Just hearing those words lets me know that I am already making a difference. The place that I volunteer at is Casa De Amigos and the children that go there really look up to you. Yes you’re helping them to be able to reach their goals but you’re also teaching them that helping the community can change so many lives. There are many activities that will help the community. Another way that I have experience is picking up trash. This one is very important because you are helping the environment and town that you live in. So why not help your environment to be able to apply for a scholarship. It’s also a fun way to meet people that enjoy making a difference. Picking up trash is one of the most common types of community service. There are so many volunteers a day picking up trash in their neighborhood and all around town. To be able to get involved all you do is call the Midland City Department and they will be glad to guide you where to go so you can help our community. Another service that I have done has been to volunteer at the West Campus Hospital gift shop. It was a great experience for me; if I had the time I would make the effort to volunteer again. For people that is good at socializing with others and love organizing I would recommend volunteering at the gift shop.

Market Power

Market power allows firms to increase economic profit through strategic tactics such as erecting barriers to entry, reducing rivalry, limiting substitutes, and reducing the power of buyers and suppliers (Brickley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009). Furthermore, market power is defined as â€Å"a company's ability to manipulate price by influencing an item's supply, demand or both. A company with market power would be able to affect price to its benefit. Firms with market power are said to be â€Å"price makers† as they are able to set the price for an item while maintaining market share† (Investopedia, 2013).Essentially, companies must control all of the aspects of market power in order to be able to raise prices without losing customers. If a market is easy to enter (lack of entry barriers), then a price increase will allow another firm to erode profits by introducing a lower-cost product. Similarly, if rivalry is not reduced, each price increase will allow for a rival to keep prices the same and gain market share. In addition, substitutes at lower prices will hinder efforts to raise prices. Finally, if a company has few buyers, the buyers have the power. Therefore, price increases will be met with a potential loss of major profit centers.In the NBC Video News Report: How to Raise Prices Without Losing Customers, Bob Prosen alludes to several practices that allow companies to raise customers without losing demand. Essentially, Prosen provides consultation on how to create inelastic demand, where a change in price does not result in a significant change of demand. For example, increasing the value proposition reduces the likelihood of substitute products (substitutes must copy increased value) and decreases rivalry (steps above rivals), resulting in the greater market power needed to raise prices.Prosen states that increasing value makes the customer appreciate the company more, resulting in the ability to raise price (Ramberg, 2012). As another example, Prosen stresses the importance of developing relationships, â€Å"people like to do business with people they like† (Ramberg, 2012). Essentially, Prosen is suggesting erecting barriers to entry by creating friendships and alliances, again resulting in increased market power needed to raise prices. As a capstone example of the need for market power, Research byMark McCabe of the Georgia Institute of Technology demonstrates the market power of academic journal vendors. Essentially, McCabe found that the consolidation of academic journal vendors (libraries) has led to an oligopoly, and therefore the price structure of academic journals is highly inelastic (McCabe, 2000). Because recent mergers had resulted in few suppliers, vendors of academic journals were able to control the market and raise prices through the use of supplier power. The demand for quality research for use in education cannot change; it is required.Therefore, a change in price will not result in a drop in deman d. References Brickley, J. A. , Smith, C. W. , & Zimmerman, J. L. (2009). Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Investopedia. (2013, March 20). Market Power. Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/market-power. asp McCabe, M. J. (2000). Academic Journal Pricing and Market Power:. THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, 259-269. JJ Ramberg (Author). MSNBC (Publisher). (07/20/2008). How to Raise Prices Without Losing

Russels Nash essays

Russel's Nash essays An Article on John Forbes Nash, Jr. ¡s character in movie A Beautiful Mind This Article is about Mr. Nash ¡s character in Movie A beautiful mind.  ¡ If Russell Crowe does not get the Oscar for Best Actor for playing John Nash in A beautiful Mind the Acedemy ¡s injudiciousness will disappoint audiences across the globe that will have seen A beautiful Mind and experienced the finest performance in recent years  ¡  ¡ A Beautiful Mind  ¡ the intense human drama of a true genius is inspired by events in the life of mathematician John Forbes Nash, Jr. A beautiful mind is a compelling cinematic rendition of a schizophrenic genius ¡ mental fragmentation and battle to overcome it to claim his rightful place in history. A beautiful Mind ¡s Nash spans from the early 20s to recent times and even best of prosthesis can not match a seamless performance by Russell Crowe. As Nash moves, his face and physical attributes change and Russell gives the characterization his all. It ¡s been a real challenge for Russell to internalize the character who has made an astonishing discovery early in his career, was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia later and after 30 years of mental struggle wins Noble prize, and regains his rightful place in history. For any learning actor it would be helpful to analyze Russell ¡s character-internalization method. Clear understanding of psychological developments of character connects actor directly with character ¡s instincts and emotions and thus unable him to internalize character completely, resulting in deeply felt performance. Having this in my mind, I would like to dwell on psychological profile of Mr. John Nash. Psychological development of character can be divided into three stages: 1) Young Nash ( time at Princeton University ) 2) Adult Nash ( patient of paranoid schizophrenia ) 3) Old Nash ( Recovery from illness ) X The facts we know about Mr. Nash are th...

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Influences of Personal Computers Today essays Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, people wanted and needed an easier way of calculating and measuring. Through the dreams of Charles Babbage, the computer was born. These new machines could do any regular math more than twice as fast as any human. Sadly, these ideas were not appreciated until almost one hundred years later. In the 1950's, the idea of computers was broght up again. This is when people finally started crediting Babbage's work. The technology available now made it possible for people to construct a digital computer. The idea of building a computer became a necessity when World War II came about. Many important names such as ENIAC and IBM cam about, and computers became a very wide interest in the world. What influenced personal computers of today? The thought of a machine being more intelligent than a mathmetician was laughed at, and thought of as an impossibility. That all changed when Charles Babbage was brought into the world. Charles Babbage was a mathmetician, engineer, and a future computer designer. He was actually known as the "Grandfather" (Slater 3) of the modern day computer. He was and still is, thought of as ahead of his time. Charles Babbage entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1810. There he studied mathematics and chemistry. Between 1815 and 1820, he was involved mostly in mathematics, studying algebra. In 1822, he finally built his first mechanical computer, the Difference Engine. This was the first ever mechanical computer. It could add, subtract, divide, and multiply. He then started working on a more advanced machine in 1834, the Analytical Engine. This would be much more advanced than the Difference Engine. It would be steam powered and fully automatic. This would have been his greatest achievement. Unfortunately, the technology available to him was not advanced enough for Babbage to build, what would have been, the first digital computer. Another reason he never bui...

Annual Report- Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Culture and Organisations of Daimler - Essay Example Two German automobile manufacturers Benz & Co. and Daimler Motor Company merged together in 1926 and named the new company Daimler-Benz. Its Mercedes cars were arguably the best example of German quality and engineering. Another merger came in 1998 when Daimler-Benz and U.S. based Chrysler Corporation, two leading global car manufacturers, agreed to combine their businesses which was then perceived to be a ‘merger of equals’ (Casestudy, 2008). This merger was supposed to be the third in the world in terms of revenues, market capitalization and earnings, ranking after GM and Ford. It was also considered to be fifth in terms of the number of passenger cars and trucks sold, ranking GM, Ford, Toyota and Volkswagen. However, within two years of the Daimler-Chrysler merger, the company suffered third quarter losses of more than half a billion dollars and in 2001 they slashed about 26000 jobs at its ailing Chrysler division. What was described as ‘marriage made in heavenà ¢â‚¬â„¢ in 1998, the Daimler-Chrysler merger proved to be a costly mistake for both the companies. In early 2007, Daimler was forced to sell 80 percent of Chrysler to private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management LLC which ended a nine-year merger. Critics believe that though strategically the merger made good business sense, the two organizations had contrasting culture and management styles that hindered the synergy. Organizations are no more constrained by national borders and partnerships are driven by the need to achieve economies of scale. The expected synergies fail because the cultural fit is ignored. Globalization may have brought companies and nations closer but the difference in organizational culture is perceivable. Culture has been recognized as a strong determinant of beliefs, attitudes and behavior. Research suggests that decision-makers give disproportionate attention to strategic fit as compared to integration

Should taking photos be allowed everywhere Essay

Should taking photos be allowed everywhere - Essay Example Individuals often take photos for different reasons and in different avenues; however, issues may arise regarding where individuals decides to take their photos for various reasons that include privacy or security reasons. On another note, society today is liberal and this puts into question why people should be denied the liberty to take photos where they like. Taking photos needs to be allowed everywhere since this will allow individuals to relive their best memories on planet earth. This is especially important for those taking photos as a leisure, to commemorate a particular event or as a profession for instance photo journalism. In the contemporary world, photography has become part and parcel the working class, the youth and families who wants a piece of past events to keep as a souvenir. In industrialized nations such as the United States, United Kingdom and Japan are more attracted to tourism as a way of spending their vocation. In order to keep the memories of the areas that they visit as a tourist, taking photos is important for such tourists. This allows the tourists take back home part of the regions that they visit during their vocations. When back home such photos give some sense of satisfaction regarding how a person spent his vacation, this is often shaped with workmates or friends back home. The workplace is often hectic for professionals and vacations exist to help individuals to take a leave from the work environment. However, instead of resting home, these individuals often prefer to spend their vacation in a way that they will remember for a longer period. This has led to the establishment of vacation sites across the world. The scenes at these sites are often fascinating and tourists want to remember such sites by taking photos. On the other hand, photos hold a special place for families and in terms of remembering lifetime events such as

Advanced practical production Essay Example for Free

Advanced practical production Essay Introduction In my AS year I decided to produce an Internet site, which came under the new media production. The website was based on astrology and horoscopes, I named the site Stars and Their future. This year in my A2 year I decided to do a print based project, I chose to complete a CD cover, Video cover and a magazine article for an upmarket magazine. They will all be based around the promotion of an upcoming music talent Sophie. Last year a lot of my work was based on the computer as it was an internet site, the pictures didnt need to be high resolution as I wasnt printing them off they were staying on the screen, whereas this year my project is based on Print, the pictures will have to be of a higher quality and resolution. The main differences between the two projects are also that this year my work will be promotional. I am designing to attract people to either buy the products or to read the article, I need to make my client look her best and attract new fans. A lot of work will be needed to put in to make my project look its best. Planning For my coursework I plan to do a print based project, which will consist of a CD cover, Video cover and a magazine article all promoting the same female artist. I have decided to merge the style of contemporary and classical theme, regarding the layout and pictures used within my project. I have decided to produce the article for a more upmarket magazine such as Company, B, or Cosmopolitan this will consist of a simple classic layout with an informal use of contemporary pictures. The CD and video will be of a similar style. The target audience for my magazine article will be for women aged 15+. My products will be open to all prospective buyers as I am basing my project on a female talent the prospective buyers could be men or women of all ages. For my album and video cover the style will be more stylised as they need to be more eye-catching for the prospective buyer, they also need to reflect my chosen artists style. The CD cover will need to be eye-catching, make the prospective buyer want to pick up the CD and want to know more. It will be located at all reputable music retailers. The video should look fun and interesting to watch and make the buyer feel that they are going to get all the latest news on the artist that they couldnt get elsewhere. It will be on sale at all supermarkets and high street outlet stores; it should be interesting and fun to watch. My magazine article will appear in an upmarket magazine and will be available at all newsagents, stationers and reputable supermarkets. When researching for my project I did a survey asking a range of 20 people questions on which type of artist they prefer, what style and type of colour scheme. Looking at the results from my questionnaire, the results were quite split, based on the results the audience would prefer an artist that incorporated a bit of pop and classical, with a mixture of contemporary and classic style with use of classic colour schemes. Once I had my results from my survey I decided to do more research on the web, I decided to search for existing CD covers on www. covers.cc by female artists. I noticed that all of the covers had a bright and eye-catching picture of the artist on the front, with a few smaller pictures of the artist on the back with the list of the tracks. I decided that I wanted to base my layout on this style. I also decided to include the lyrics form the songs I have written myself; they will be included within the sleeve of the front cover with pictures of the artist also to be included next to, and superimposed behind the lyrics, again similar to the style of CD covers I have already researched. I also went to my local supermarket to look at the different types of music videos that are on the market; they consisted of either tour videos or a compilation archive video of all the artists recent pop videos. I decided that these ideas would be good to put together, the video cover would explain that my video was going to include all of the artists latest videos, plus never before seen footage, with exclusive interviews with the artist. After purchasing two magazines with an interview with a huge female music artist Jennifer Lopez, I analysed the two to see the similarities and differences between the two. One of the articles was taken from Company magazine and one of them was taken from B magazine, they both have a classic layout with a big picture of the artist that covers one page and a short interview with Jennifer on the opposite page, I felt that I could incorporate the two articles to base an idea on for my own on. Throughout all of my research I have noted the graphology and fonts used on the page, they are always clear to read and are not of a size that is too big or too small to read. Colour schemes are important; they can either reflect a theme or use of colours that compliment each other. I began organising the task by drawing up a plan of what I have to do and in what order it has to be done; I decided to design the layout of each of my pieces and making a list of what pictures needed to be taken. Important decisions that needed to be made was the style and angles in which the pictures had to be taken and deciding on a theme that would run through all 3 pieces to reflect the style of my chosen artist. I decided to use the theme of fire and classic themes, using warm tones and colours such as reds, oranges and yellows, and subtle smoky greys and shadow effects; this decision was due to Sophies (my artist) fiery red hair. The technology I used when creating my project included a digital camera for taking and recording pictures. Microsoft Photo draw to touch up and edit pictures, I also used this programme to create my video and CD cover. I used the programme Microsoft Publisher to create my magazine article. This influenced the progress of my production by allowing easy transfer of my pictures into my pieces. The programme Photo draw also helped my to edit the pictures and allowed me to get them to the best quality. I decided to work on my own when completing this project as this meant that I could organise my time easily and I could make my own decisions. Analysis I have produced a video cover, CD cover package and a magazine article. All three of my projects share a classic theme to reflect the style of Sophie my chosen artist. My product reflects and uses the conventions of the media genre that I am working in which is the promotion of an up and coming teen music star. Overall I think that finished product reflects the theme and style I set out to. I wanted Sophie to be seen as a classic artist and to not be associated with the pop genre. My CD cover consists of grey tones that reflect a classic theme; within the booklet it contains the lyrics and more pictures of Sophie, each reflecting her individual style. I named the album The way you like it, I chose this as the title for my album because it reflects to any potential buyers that Sophies kind of music is a type that can be enjoyed by all. When researching for my CD cover I noticed and trend with albums that were used for female stars, on the front was a close up of the star that was very noticeable to the prospective buyer. I took a picture of Sophies head and made it fill the front. I then used the tools within the photo draw package to touch-up the photo and make it look more professional. I made the picture appear in grey tone by using the greyscale tool that made the picture appear in black and white, I also made the picture fade out around the edges by using the transparency tool. To make the face more noticeable I used web effects to make the face have a glow around it. This made the front cover look professional. I added the title and my artists name using the font vinetta sans in a white font. I chose this particular font as I felt is was a classic font the looked great and fitted my chosen theme. The video cover again uses the same colour scheme as the CD cover, greys and shadows, although the video cover is set out in quite a different way. I decided that the title for the video would be Up Close and Personal the theme on the font cover reflects this. I took a few pictures of Sophie that were close up head shots in various positions and from different angles, for some of the pictures I used a fan to blow Sophies hair to give the pictures a more professional touch. When researching for my product I noticed that when professional pictures were taken of models in most cases the models werent looking directly at the camera, this looked more professional so I decided to adopt this technique. As the video is called Up Close and personal I waned to reflect the theme of a photo shoot on the front cover. I chose three of the pictures of Sophie and arranged them in a suitable way. I also made them 3D by embossing the pictures and giving the designer edges with the Photo draw package, again allowing Sophie to seem closer to the prospective buyer. Again I touched up the pictures getting rid of any dust or blemishes using the photo draw tools. The way in which the photos are arranged is o look like a fashion/ photo shoot i. e. being up close and personal- nothing to hide. Which is what the content of the video is going to be about. The magazine article is made for a more upmarket magazine, I blended the styles of cosmopolitan and B, I think that my article portrays the right theme for my artist, the article is quite contemporary using a close up head shot of Sophie to fill one page of the article and pinks and purples on the other page, The writing is not to big or to small. I got my idea from two magazine articles that already existed about a stars 5-point plan to fame. I also incorporated an interview into this so that the readers could get to know my artist Sophie. I used Microsoft publisher to create my article. I have followed media conventions literally when creating my products. The CD cover is typical of an album cover of an uprising female artist, with a large head shot on the front, listing of tracks on the back with lyrics included with images of the artist with the booklet itself. The image on the front is eye-catching and shows my artist in a classic way. The video front is eye-catching with 3 images of the artist on the front with the title in bold front as to catch the prospective buyers attention. The title is up close and personal which gives the buyer an insight into how detailed the biography/ behind the scenes video is. Typical conventions have been used when writing the article I have created an upbeat chatty voice, which the reader can relate to. The article is aimed towards females age 15+ as these are the typical market for this type of magazine /article. Again a large image of Sophie is opposite the article so that the reader is automatically aware of whom the article is about. I mentioned use of voice within the magazine article, using phrases such as had bagged her first theatre role in Londons west end. Bagged is a colloquial term that the readers can relate to, it allows the article to seem informal and friendly which is how I want Sophie to be perceived. When creating the CD cover I wanted to create some form of narrative, the lyrics tell a story as the reader/ listener gets to know Sophie more personally. When writing the thank you section at the end of the booklet I wanted my choice of words to be personal and informal, when addressing the fans and relatives/ management I needed to use the correct language so that it felt like Sophie was talking directly to the reader. The video cover doesnt include a lot of text, there is a blurb on the back which aims to entice the reader into wanting to watch the video gaining information that they wouldnt be able to get else where i. e. using phrases like never before seen footage. The potential buyers only read this though once they have picked the video up. I included quotes on the front cover from top magazines to show what they think of the video and Sophie, HOTTEST NEW TALENT, NOT TO BE MISSED!!! Again enticing the potential buyer to pick up the video. The representation of the video is included on the back of the video cover within the blurb. Words like exclusive and descriptive work describing Sophie beautiful, superstar all make the buyer want to know more. I have made use of particular stereotypes within my work, I have gone against them. Typically new uprising music stars are manufactured, blonde, dont have individual style, and are single and available. All of these I have gone against and my star is refreshingly new, red hair, individual style, writes own music/ lyrics, and is in love and is not ashamed to let the world know. Her music comes first not the number of no1s or record sales. A breath of fresh air and individuality makes sales.

The Erg Theory Of Motivation Business Essay

The Erg Theory Of Motivation Business Essay Human Resource Management (HRM) means managing people effectively in order to achieve the goals and objectives of any organizations, small or big. More sophistically, HRM involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people, or human resources, who work for the organization. Corporations today have increased their attention towards managing human capital effectively. The reason behind this notion is that employees enable an organization to achieve its goals and that managing human capital is critical to an organizations success. According to David A. Decenzo and S.P Robbins Human resources management is a process consisting of the acquisition, development, motivation and maintenance of human resource. According to Barry Cushway Human resources management can be defined as a range of strategies. Processes and activities designed to support corporate objectives by integrating the need of the organization and the individual that comprise it. The goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and maintaining employees and also to manage them effectively. I.e. a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organizations employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company (Miller, 1989). HRM activities The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding how to motivate your staff, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Motivation views Motivation is the acceptance to work hard in order to achieve organisational goal. This is internal state of mind which moves a worker to set himself up for the target. Motivation is a chain of process which helps an individual to identify his intensity, set towards the right direction and make efforts to get his goal. ERG Theory of Motivation Maslows needs theory is very famous but Clayton Alderfer redefined this theory to make it more applicable. This rework is called ERG Theory Of Motivation. Alderfer reshaped Marslows hierarchy of needs into three different and broader sections of need. ERG Theory Existence Relatedness Growth Existence Needs This information includes the basic necessities. Every human has some material needs. Like physical and psychological demands. These needs are attached with every individual since he is born and leaves him when he is dead. In HR these needs play a vital role in a workers life. These needs urge him to get motivated and strive to get success. Relatedness Needs Man is a social animal. He likes to be praised. Ideals are made to follow their footsteps. At work, supervisors and managers became role models. Their subordinate works hard for fame and recognition. It is also very common in co-workers. Growth Needs Like physical growth, everyone wishes to get advanced in his corporate life. In this category, a worker realises his potential and develop his skills and eventually develop himself. Implication of ERG theory Managers must realise that every worker has his own individuality. He has his own personal needs. So at the same time, workers different needs must be satisfied to get him motivated. Introduction of IKEA I choose IKEA Company for investigate and examine HR activities. As it is Scandinavian style. Most of the furniture is from Ikea flat pack Ikea consumers ready to be assembled, internationally known as the home installation approved retailers. This cost of the packaging can be reduced. IKEA has a range of 9,500 products, including furniture and accessories. Performance management IKEA evaluates its employee performance through the human resource system and one of the subsystems. In the appraisal system, customer services and sale people are evaluated in target achievement. The bonus is paid if they achieved agreed target for the job. IKEA set the performance appraisal standards are based on their strategic goals and job analysis job descriptions. Their immediate managers follow up the targets which subordinates have achieved. Based on the target achieved managers measure and indicate the performance compared with the standards and performance of other subordinates. If the target is achieved or exceed relevant person get bonus. Other employees are evaluated by work performance in their job types and contribution towards the department. IKEAs employees are aware about their job objectives and targets. Performance of them is measured by the line mangers and report during the year. End of the year company has performance review. The evaluation is made on a point scale. The results are reflected in remuneration. Superior discusses the evaluation result individually with each employee in order to seek high level of understanding. Motivational problems in IKEA It is believed that human resources function play vital role not only development but also in development and connection of all employees in the organization. The human resources function of IKEA, it is expected, enables its to develop and deliver services that target their most important assets that are the people. It is however noted that human resources makes sure that services respond to what matters most to the employee. In IKEA, the sale of Stockport branch (Cheshire) is currently suffering from fewer sales for last six months. The sales team has hired new staff but still there is no big change in sales. The staffs are not achieving their targets so this branch is suffering not from external but internal issues of staff. The main issues, which are observed in this branch, are following: Training The old staffs were not as trained as the new is. Consequently the experienced people are de motivated as they think that fresh breed is generating more profit. Ultimately they stopped working hard. Career There was no further career development in this branch. Mostly workers relied what they have achieved and were satisfied at their current positions. Therefore there wasnt any progress in job positions and bonuses. Evaluation On the above account, Human resource performance is regularly and meticulously monitored by the organization on yearly basis through employee appraisal. This is useful in that it helps to improve employees job performance by identify strength and weakness and determine how their strength can be put in to best use and how their weaknesses can be overcome. It is also acknowledge that staff appraisal also helps to find out problem. Which may be restricting employee progress and causing inefficient work practice? It is further explained that appraisal provides information for human resources planning to assist success planning and to ensure the suitability of employee or provision for particular types of employment and training. However, contrasting to the number of times staff appraisal is conducted by this organization i.e. once a year, it is suggested that employee appraisal should be a continuous process and that should not be confined to a formal review once a year as it and is done in this organization. It is that employee appraisal as part of human resources monitoring system can help workers get in to a mind-set of both introspective constructive criticism and self-recognition, and that it makes them more willing to receive feedback from appraisal. The following are some point of the good thing advantages about employee appraisal as conducted in IKEA. It provided the chance to reflect on human resources performance during period under review and when applicable point out any contribution the staff has made that the manager may not remember. It also gave the worker and the management a good starting point to objectively discuss their, performance and makes its easier for them to portray development area. Its presented an opportunity for management to help the employee see where they are not begins objectives and help them build the ability to appraisal other as well Motivation strategies and its impact The following are some of the motivation strategies applied by IKEA Company. Recruiting and Selection Employees are important to the success of the company. Therefore the importance of recruitment and selection process is essential for IKEA in order to ensure that employees are appropriately chosen. IKEA promotes equals fair and legal choosing the suitable applicants irrespective of gender, race, colour, nationality and ethnic origin. And follow to equal opportunity rules to all staff. IKEA uses on online application form. They use value-based questionnaire to decide applicants suitability. This helps to show which person is best suit. After initial screening, applicants are invited to an interview and assessment centre for the final selection processes. Applications which send direct to the company will have a review on them and verify the suitability comparing the essential company required. Recruitment team have an initial phone interview with applicants those who fit to the position, ensure applicants skills. Who are successful in the interview are invited to the next stage of interview and direct to the assessment centres. Assessment centres are most effective ways to find out if the person is good fit for the role. This gives the chance for the company to see behaviour of the applicant in realistic work base situation. IKEAs assessment centre consist number of exercises designed to access full range of skills and personal attributes required for the job. Exercises may include: Interviews Group discussions Presentations Role plays Business case studies Written exercises Psychological test Training and development According to Gray and Smeitzer (1989), when a worker joins an organization, it would be useful to train and develop the person in order to maximize his/her human resource potential. They note that due to the ever increasing competition among present day organization, companies need to have more sophisticate employees. IKEA trust providing training to supply the skills, knowledge and disposition required by individuals or groups to do their work more effectively and efficient. In this, organization, training for an employee is continuous throughout his/her working life with the organization. In fact training is used to provide new comers with skills or to raise their existing skills to necessary levels. Career development This is another method of motivation and development put in place by IKEA. The organization aims, among other things, to create work environment where employees can work effectively and efficient, to make the IKEA fit for their purpose. And to do it needs to have not only the right amount of committed workers but also those with the right kind of knowledge and skills. On that account the organization gives opportunities for career development to each staff. IKEA provides such types of service and training to their which make develop their career in that area which they are interest. Rewards For IKEA retained trained and high skilled staff is more cost effective than recruiting new staff. Thus IKEA is planning HR policies to offer a mix of financial and non-financial benefits to retain people. Rewards are the value for employees get return for work have done and gives them a job satisfaction and good working environment. IKEA offer rewards for employees to feel the true value at work. Up to 10% bonus paid for work above what is expected in employees day-to-day role. 21 days holiday Choice of company pension scheme. Increase salary of staff every year by performance. Critical evaluation of their effectiveness to meet organizational objectives To begin with the organization recognized that there will be times when an employees fails to do his or her duties for one or two reasons. Therefore the management put in place a policy called individual performance improvement and capacity policy. This procedure explains the way to be followed for performance management in situation that have something to do with capacity. Motivational performance is indicated by the sufficiency and the capability of staffs. The sufficiency of the working staff is about getting right number of staff for certain task. Capability deals with staffs having the ability, skills and knowledge to carry out the work that is required. Another factor that would help indicate human resource performance is the customer satisfaction. In Storeys opinion (1987), there are major differences in HR business strategy. He discussed these as hard and `soft versions of HRM. Of the hard version of the concept, and therefore workers problems in focus, and the effects of HRM (Human Resource Management), the business judgment based on performance criteria. However, the soft HRM (human resource management) is also a major concern of business performance with parallel interest in the results of the employees on the other side to defend, is probably (Storey cited in Guest, D. 1999). Beside the above, there are other factors which are used to indicate HR performance in IKEA. Among these are the following, cost containment, organization, effectiveness, social responsibility and integrity. Meanwhile, stone R(2005) describe cost containment as focusing on cost reduction through reduce unnecessary expenses, improve productivity, reduce absenteeism, and how labour turnover from own organization. He maintains that organizational effectiveness can be realized by focusing on organizational structure, job design, employee innovation, acceptable to change, employee motivation, and flexible reward system and employee relation. On social responsibility ,he notes that by focusing on legal compliance and improvement in area such healthy and safety in working place, equal opportunities, provide accurate information about product and minority opportunities and development, an organization can live up to their expectation. He further argues that organizations would protect their integrity by focusing on the enhancement of organizations reputation for ethical issues, fair treatment of employee, honesty in communication and honouring of agreements. On their part, Scullion and Linehem (2005) content that an organization HR performance would be indicated not only be putting in place a well formulated corporate strategy geared toward creating and sustaining competition advantage but also making sure that employees possess the potential, capability and motivation to implement organizational strategies efficiently and effectively. Conclusion The success of the operation of the any organization depends upon its effective human resource management. In this assignment, the author is able to investigate the contribution of human resource management to achieve the organizational goals. Human Resource planning and development methods in the organization has been examined and finally the ways of performance of organization Human management has been analysed in order to achieve the organizations goal and objective in given time frame.