Test Anxiety Causes Students To Underperform In Examinations Essay Sample free essay sample

Abstraction Anxiety is one of the factors that affect pupils during scrutinies. Others factors includes unpreparedness. deficiency of accomplishment in the specific class where the test has been taken or some kind of health-related grounds. There are several researches done and found that common alibi or shall we at least see a ground for pupils who did non performed good in scrutinies that they got nervous or dying during the tests. It is nevertheless of import to emphasize that whichever of these factors present or possibly all of these in the pupil are taking the exams anxiousness is a normal in worlds. Introduction Anxiety is a psychological province of head characterized by cognitive. emotional. behavioural. and physiological constituents ( Campusblues. 2007 ) . A cognitive facet pertains to the ideas that run through your head before. during. and after the awful incident. Emotional facet includes the feeling that you experienced related to dying events. This can be seen if a individual is feel hatred or embarrassed. We will write a custom essay sample on Test Anxiety Causes Students To Underperform In Examinations Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another facet of is behavioural rim of individual. This pertains to unneeded motions of a individual when under stressed. Example of this is. circling of pen in fingers. beating through the tip of fingers. and walking fast. The 4th facet is approximately physiological. This sort of anxiousness includes all the reactions of the organic structure. This is really obvious whenever a pupil is enduring an anxiousness. Probable reactions of the organic structure are crushing of bosom faster. sudating intensively. drying of your oral cavity. All these constituents create a feeling of fright and concern. Anxiety is a common scenario where person may see bosom palpitation. sickness. thorax hurting. shortness of breath and concern ( King. 2007 ) . It has been a common alibi or shall we at least see a ground for pupils who did non performed good in scrutinies that they got nervous or dying during the tests. Underperformance in scrutinies nevertheless are consequences of several factors including unpreparedness. deficiency of accomplishment in the specific class where the test has been taken or some kind of health-related grounds. It is nevertheless of import to emphasize that whichever of these factors present or possibly all of these in the pupil are taking the exams anxiousness is a normal in worlds ( Spielberger. 2006 ) . Anxiety occurs in different position such as experiential. alien. alleviative attention and trial anxiousness ( Foundation. 2007 ) . The focal point of this treatment will be test anxiousness. Test anxiousness is really simple as think but most pupils are barely enduring from it. People tends to take it for granted merely because they believe they can manage it easy but for some single trial anxiousness seems to be truly of import to discourse because they know how this such anxiousness can trip the head of persons. Literature Review AS Lufi et Al. ( 2004 ) states that â€Å"test anxiousness affects people in every field of life. whenever people of all ages have to be evaluated. assessed. and graded with respect to their abilities. accomplishments. or involvements. † ( p. 176 ) . Zeidner ( as cited in Chinta. 2007 ) claimed that emphasis is encountered. and likewise the extent to which emphasis is experienced. is dependent on the grade to which the state of affairs is viewed as emotionally endangering ( p. 177 ) . Actually. anxiousness is positively considered as helpful tool in hiking the human head to execute at normal degrees by maintaining us alert. focused. motivated. Research indicates that the optimum sum of emphasis to maximise public presentation is a moderate grade. Anxiety as a signifier of emphasis maximizes public presentation at normal degree but negatively affects public presentation at either excessively low or excessively high degrees. Further. physical symptoms of anxiousness do non inter fere with exam public presentation but what is traveling on in the head of the one taking the test ( Palmer. 1998 ) . Anxiety works in nerve-racking state of affairss as concerns that interfere with concentration. But what are of import to happen out foremost are the causes or beginnings of anxiousness A research conducted showed that â€Å"Students who experience test anxiousness from the cognitive position are fuss-budgets missing ego confidence† and â€Å"they may be preoccupied with negative ideas. doubting their academic ability and rational competence† ( Sarason A ; Sarason. 1990. as cited by Harris. Henry L. ; Coy. Doris R. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ericdigests. org/2005-2/anxiety. hypertext markup language ) . In add-on. â€Å"test anxiousness is a major factor lending to a assortment of negative results including psychological hurt. academic underachievement. academic failure. and insecurity† ( Harris A ; Coy. 2003 ) . Research The study is conducted in three schools with pupils as participants in the study. Questionnaire was given to pupils. 50 male and 50 females. a sum of 100 participants. This is a â€Å"filling the clean type† questionnaire. Questions pertains to the causes and effects of trial anxiousness among pupils and appropriate steps to cut down trial anxiousness. In add-on. an observation was done to accurately corroborate the replies given by the participants. Sample Questionnaire Name: Educational Attainment: Age: Gender: Causes of Test Anxiety: Effectss of Test Anxiety During Examination: Measures To Extinguish Or Reduce Test Anxiety: Consequences and Discussions Based on the study. one of the major causes of trial anxiousness during scrutinies are unpreparedness and deficiency of accomplishment. Some other factors include wellness related jobs. As a effect. harmonizing to study. many pupils get neglecting classs. Test anxiousness consequence in no concentration with the capable affair. increased pulse. increased sudating. cold custodies. and dry oral cavity. It was besides found that male normally experiences trial anxiousness. consisting to 75 % . Recommendations Before research is implemented. a study must be conducted foremost among schools with lowest go throughing rate among scrutinies. Everybody has the capacity to go through in scrutinies with no trial anxiousness. Such school will practically uncover what are the attitudes and behaviours among pupils in schools. It is besides advised to cognize constabularies and ordinances of a school is implementing earlier. during and after scrutinies. Actions and regulations among schools will. somehow encourage pupils to analyze harder. Decision Test anxiousness is already unconditioned with us. Everybody may see it. However. there are step to command or minimise or even extinguish the causes and effects of trial anxiousness. Test anxiousness affects students’ public presentation during scrutinies and in school. as a whole. Its effects impact on the class degrees of pupils. Pull offing trial anxiousness and execute actions against trial anxiousness before scrutinies will truly extinguish or cut down it. However. it is a ambitious function. Reducing trial anxiousness is non merely an assignment among pupils but it must besides be one of the major topics to undertake among patents. instructors and schools decision makers and counsellors. We live in a ambitious society. a test-taking society. Therefore. trial anxiousness must be reduced or even eliminated. MentionSecond Chinta. R. ( 2007 ) Influencers of exam public presentation: an empirical reproduction in the Middle East. Journal of American Academy of Business. Mar 2007 ; 10. 2. 177. from ABI/INFORM Global. Hembree. R. ( 1988 ) . Correlates. causes. effects. and intervention of trial anxiousness. Review of Educational Research. Spring 1988 ; 58. 1. 47. from Academic Research Library. Lufi. D. . Okasha. S. . A ; Cohen. A. ( 2004 ) . Test Anxiety and its consequence on the personality of pupils with larning disablements. Learning Disability Quarterly. Summer 2004 ; 27. 3. 176. from Proquest Education Journals. Musch. J. . A ; Arndt. B. ( 1999 ) . Test Anxiety versus Academic Skills: A Comparison of Two Alternate Models for Predicting Performance in a Statistics Exam. British Journal of Educational Psychology. March 1999 ; 69. 106-116. from Proquest Educational Diaries Palmer. D. ( 1998 ) . Exam Anxiety. Centre for Student Development McMaster University. Retrieved on August 05. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //csd. McMaster. ca/academic % 20series % 20pdfs/tests % 20and % 20exams/exam % 20anxiety. pdf Campusblues. ( 2007 ) . Test Anxiety [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. campusblues. com/test. asp. Foundation. T. N. ( 2007 ) . What Is Test Anxiety? [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. kidshealth. org/teen/school_jobs/school/test_anxiety. hypertext markup language. Harris. H. L. . A ; Coy. D. R. ( 2003 ) . Helping Students Cope with Test Anxiety. ERIC Digest [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ericdigests. org/2005-2/anxiety. hypertext markup language. King. J. ( 2007 ) . Test Anxiety [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. uoregon. edu/~counsel/test % 20anxiety. htm. Spielberger. C. D. ( 2006 ) . Test Anxiety Inventory [ Electronic Version ] . Retrieved 14 September 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mindgarden. com/products/tsans. htm.

Different Styles of Painting

Different Styles of Painting Painting can be defined as the practice of applying paint, pigment, use of color, or any other medium to a support surface (Raczka 1). Artist and designers use the term painting to refer to both the act of and the result of painting. Support surfaces where painting can be made include such surfaces such as glass, walls, paper, canvas, and clay or concrete. Furthermore, paintings can be improved by using gold leaf, and other materials such as clay, sand, and pieces of paper variety. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Different Styles of Painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In actual sense, paintings are used for expression purposes and hence there are as many forms and styles as there are artists spanning from the ancient times to the modern era where technology is transforming every aspect of life in the society. This essay seeks to briefly describe the different and major styles of painting, and to compare and co ntrast three different paintings provided. It is proper to acknowledge that painting as a field has undergone significant transformation over time. In the current century, painting has been greatly influenced by technological advancement and has led to numerous variety of painting styles to select from. The transformational journey started mainly from the later years of the 19th century through the 20th century facilitated by the discovery of metal paint tube and photography and the ever changing events world wide. The range of art styles vary from those that are most realistic to the ones that are most abstract (Raczka 4). Realistic painting relies on the tactical use of paint, color, and tone to create a convincing illusion of reality where the paint resembles the actual object or phenomenon in a real life situation. Another art style is the painterly which closely resembles the realism one only that it uses paint as it is without trying to make smooth the texture to achieve reali sm. This can easily be noticed through brushwork. Impressionism, the third style of art emerged in the 19th century but is still admired to date despite the initial criticism it faced in France. It mainly looks like an incomplete paint work creating an impact of light on the surface. Expressionism and fauvism styles are less concerned with creation of reality by the use of perspective. They aim at creating an impact on emotions without sensitivity to color or tone. The last art style is the abstract one and the paintings are far from resembling the reality. This work is intentionally not meant to be representational (Raczka 26). To illustrate the above styles of painting, we shall compare and contrast the three paintings provided on the slides by using block method. The first painting is by a great American artist by the name Frederic Edwin Church (1826-1900). The â€Å"Heart of the Andes,† is a landscape painting and was done in 1859. From a keen observation of the paintin g, we realize that the style used is that of realism. Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Church effectively strives to create a real life impression of the tropical scene. The work depicts a river that is bordered by dense vegetation, upland plains, and the rugged, towering, and snowcapped mountains. Church’s work creates a real impression of wilderness since there is no sign of human life. The second landscape painting was done by Jasper Francis Cropsey (1823-1900), an American just like Church. Cropsey produced the paint in 1865. This work uses the realism art style to depict the fiery autumn scenery where there are mountains, valleys, and forests. The presence of human beings can be seen as well as their encroachment which is depicted by the presence of a railroad. The train’s smoke echoes the clouds above hence creating a peaceful coexistence between man and nature. Lastly, we have the third painting by an American, Charles Sheeler (1883-1963). Sheeler painted it in the 20th century (1931). He used the â€Å"precisionism† art style to depict this large architectural impression of a factory. Sheeler used clear light with an amalgamation of both realism and abstraction art styles. In a nutshell, this work depicts; a hard, exact, flat, huge, and industrial product. There is nothing living or organic in this particular painting which illustrates clearly the influence that the difference in context and culture can have on the artists’ work. This essay has described the various major styles of painting. It has also analyzed the three paintings with an aim of drawing a comparison as well as contrast among them. We can conclude from the analysis that art and design is a product of its context and is greatly influenced by culture and time frame. The first two paintings have the same theme, landscape, while the third depicts an industrial age of the 20th century. Church’s and Cropsey’s work have the most similarities both in style and theme while Sheeler combines both the realism and abstract styles of painting. Work Cited Raczka, B. Name That Style: all about isms in Art. Millbrook Press, 2008, Pp. 1-30.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Different Styles of Painting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Why do some protest groups use violence in the context of collective Essay

Why do some protest groups use violence in the context of collective action - Essay Example These forms may range from individual actions to groups actions or even roadside group demonstrations (Dalton 2003, p.53). Furthermore, they can advance into use of physical demos or demonstrations by use of technology such as social media. Protests are normally undertaken to promote particular courses and depending on whether protestors or protest groups face some forms of obstacles or not, protests may be violent or non-violent in nature (Gilcher-Holtey 2008, p.5). Therefore, protests groups can be pronounced any form of group in the society that takes any grounds to publicly demonstrate protests or cause civil disobedience. Such acts are normally intended to take the peaceful and non-violent paths and are normally aimed at acting against any form of official repression (Gilcher-Holtey 2008, p.8). The restrictions that such protests groups may face prompting violence entail restricted government policy, the state of the economy, religious barriers, bureaucratic social structures or even the monopoly that exists in the media. The laws of most of the countries in the world are today aligned in a way that allows for an assembly by groups to express the societal interests (Turner 1981, p.12). In the process of expressing pubic concerns, protests by the protests groups should not at any cost be violent; however, as has been stated in the previous paragraph among the stated reasons, protest groups may at times follow violent means to express their message (Dalton 2003, p.67). The society is normally in a position of handling issues up to some defined limits, therefore, the reasons why violence erupts can be summarized as political and socioeconomic in nature (Turner 1981, p.18). These may be in the form of unequal treatment and total disregard of such groups, this arises in the sense that the groups are voiceless and no relevant body wants to lend them an ear. The nature of poverty in which most people live in the society can cause an eruption into violent protest. Greed as depicted on resources as well as the environmental factors is another cause. Insecurity and scarcity of the group demands coupled with the urgency of such demands (Weldon 2011p.23). Political and institutional factors have a range of inbuilt causes of violent eruptions and these ranges from the weaknesses expressed by the state to a breakdown in social contracts and corruption. Such weaknesses provide grounds upon which such bodies find it difficult to manage the internal and external protests of groups (Weldon 2011, p.44). The institutions as a result are not in any position to peaceful management of group conflicts, provide strong protection measures for the different groups in the society or to the worse, unable to provide for the demand for the groups to participate on fair political platform and express themselves. Forms of political ideologies and ways of handling violence in case they occur can result into violent group protests or not. In mature democracies, manage their protesting groups peacefully through democratic inclusion as opposed to autocratic governments who apply force (Gilcher-Holtey 2008, p.4). Violent protests in a given society like in UK could be fuelled by the aforementioned factor. This is so because of the strength possessed by propagators of violence and their ability to retaliate. Violent protests in this platform results mainly from the group fears for the future, the weaknesses of the state and repress violence creating responses by the marginalized groups among other stakeholders (Zamorano 1999,p.234). It is evident that most of the protests that have become violent in Europe have been because of power struggles and exclusion.

HBR 6 - Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HBR 6 - - Case Study Example Consequently, companies depend upon these executives too much and their departure can cost a company all its success. The bossy and non-cooperative style of the overachieving executives demotivates other organizational personnel. As opposed to such bossy style of leadership driven by the excessive motivation for achievement in the executives, the authors have identified directive, visionary, affiliative, participative, pacesetting, and coaching styles of leadership as the ones that can help an executive manager motivate organizational personnel. None of these leadership styles can be established as better or worse than the other as each has its own pros and cons. The hypothesis of this article is that overachieving managers can only bring short term success for a company and fail to develop rapport with other organizational personnel. Another hypothesis of this article is that in order to ensure long term success of a company, it is imperative that the executives place more emphasis on the organizational personnel than numbers and

Persuasive speech - Prison reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persuasive speech - Prison reform - Essay Example These changes were perceived as denying justice to victims and a further change was made. There is hope in future to diagnosis medically and come up with a treatment that will assist prisoner reformers future generation. "For example, if the "thrill-seeking gene" could be suppressed via RNAi technology, this could lead to less risk-taking behavior (some of it criminal)." (Wikipedia, 2006) According to reports that have been written, the main problem experienced in our prison is an increase in inmate population. This problem has been experienced more in remand prison and as a result of overcrowding, the prison system experience worse conditions. These inmates are always looked up hence they have less time to use prison time positively. This led to a high rate of suicide among the inmates as a result of depression. (Calls for Reforms, 2002) Other problems in our prisons are the gap that is between those who have already been sentenced with those who have not yet been sentenced. All inmates, either sentenced or not yet sentenced are treated the same. On the other hand, those who have committed capital offence end up being kept together with those who have committed minor offences. Increased cost of operating our prison is another problem that has been experience in our prison. (Calls for Reform, 2006) England and Wales have outstripped imprisonment rate of... Increased cost of operating our prison is another problem that has been experience in our prison. (Calls for Reform, 2006) England and Wales have outstripped imprisonment rate of countries known to have poor record of human rights such as Turkey, Burma, Libya and Malaysia. Their imprisonment was 125 per 100,000 five years ago and this has now increased. (Dobson, 2004) According to carter report, it was suggested that the only way for managing offenders is by reducing offenders and maintaining public confidence. In order to reduce population in our prisons, we need to use reprimands and warnings for low offenders instead of sending them to prison. It was not in the Carter report that fine was no longer used instead of sending a guilty person to prison. This has led to an increase in the number of inmates in our prison, thereby increasing workload to prison warder of guarding, instead of doing their duties of rehabilitation. Instead of sending low offender to prison, Carter report proposed three level sentences namely: community rehabilitation; community punishing and intensive supervision and monitoring. (Dobson, 2004). We can also reduce congestion in our prisons by introducing quick parole/release to those who have committed minor offences. On the other hand, we can reduce cost especial the cost of employing guards provide television sets and conjugal visit to our prisons. Speaking/Keyword Ladies and gentlemen, our guests, our lecturer and my fellow students. I welcome you to listen to my speech on prison reform. Our prison tend to suffer silently as the public do not know what happen in there, as they are kept in secret or hidden world. In the earlier days, our prison violated human rights as they treated inmates harshly, tortured them and denied

The Role of Standards in Photography

The Role of Standards in Photography   Tian Xing (Bill) He Steve McCurry is a world-famous photographer who rose to prominence after his Afghan Girl photograph appeared on the cover of National Geographic back in 1985. The photo has been called one of the iconic images of the 20th century (Cole, 971) and arguably the most famous ever taken by a news photographer (Letzter). His previous photojournalistic efforts won him a Robert Capa Gold Medal in 1980 for documenting the Soviet-Afghan War. In fact, hes one of the most-awarded photojournalists ever, and is also a member of the prestigious Magnum Photos international photographic cooperative. Given his superstar status, when reports in the media revealed some of his photographs had been digitally manipulated, a firestorm of outrage spread quickly throughout the photojournalistic community. The controversy started a fascinating debate about the role of objectivity, truth, integrity and ethics in photography. Should any of these concepts be applied to photography? If so, when and why? Some argue that trying to apply words like objectivity and truth to photography is futile because the very act of taking a photograph is inherently subjective. Photographers make all kinds of decisions when they go about capturing a moment using their cameras: Style, lens choice, position, what to show and what to exclude in the framing, editing equipment choice, toning, sequence are all manipulative and subjective (Agtmael). And yet when photography is intended for journalistic reporting, there is an expectation that it will objectively represent the moment captured. In light of the recent focus on fake news and alternative facts, ethical standards for photojournalism are perhaps more important than ever. Excerpts from the Associated Press Code of Ethics for Photojournalists is relevant: The content of a photograph must not be altered in Photoshop or by any other means. No element should be digitally added to or subtracted from any photograph. The faces or identities of individuals must not be obscured by Photoshop or any other editing tool. Only retouching or the use of the cloning tool to eliminate dust on camera sensors and scratches on scanned negatives or scanned prints are acceptable. Minor adjustments in Photoshop are acceptable. These include cropping, dodging and burning, conversion into grayscale, and normal toning and color adjustments that should be limited to those minimally necessary for clear and accurate reproduction (analogous to the burning and dodging previously used in darkroom processing of images) and that restore the authentic nature of the photograph. Changes in density, contrast, color and saturation levels that substantially alter the original scene are not acceptable. Backgrounds should not be digitally blurred or eliminated by burning down or by aggressive toning. The removal of red eye from photographs is not permissible (qtd. in Cooke). There is still a question, however, whether or not McCurry should rightfully be held to these kinds of standards. None of the photos identified as manipulated were produced for photojournalistic purposes. Does the mere fact that he built his reputation in photojournalism mean he must forever be held to such standards? Is he not allowed to engage in a more artistic photography? McCurrys own response to the controversy was to say, Today I would define my work as visual storytelling, because the pictures have been shot in many places, for many reasons, and in many situations (qtd. in Letzter). But he also went on to say the manipulations occurred in his studio without his approval and were mistakes. McCurry himself seems to be on the fence about his position; excusing himself from photojournalistic standards while still offering a mea culpa. While it seems reasonable to relieve McCurry from being held hostage by photojournalistic codes of ethics for non-photojournalistic photography, his own positioning of his work as visual storytelling deserves further consideration, for even this aspect of his work has been roundly criticized as lacking integrity. In A Too-Perfect Picture, Teju Cole compares the Indian culture photography of McCurry with that of Raghubir Singh and finds McCurrys work deficient. McCurrys series of Indian photographs from 1978 to 2012 aimed to evoke an earlier time in Indian history, as well as old ideas of what photographs of Indians should look like (Cole, 972). Based on this statement, one might be led to believe that McCurry is genuinely interested in documenting Indian culture and presenting it authentically in photographs, but Cole makes a case to the contrary. He considers McCurrys style as one that so compromises photography as to render his work astonishingly boring (Cole, 971). Cole insists that what makes a nation unique is a combination of its traditions, customs, history, and how these elements mesh together with the present. Therefore, McCurry provides the spectator with a completely mythologized history of culture, as if it has been violently broken off from the present. McCurrys consideration of a place largely from the perspective of a permanent anthological pastà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [is] fantasy (Cole, 972). McCurrys methods are therefore dull bec ause they repackage old ideas as if they are exotic and distant, which aside from dull, is wholly inaccurate. Cole even compares McCurrys vision of peacocks, holy men, painted children, and incense to Coldplays Hymn for the Weekend music video; he describes it as a colorful backdrop to the fantasies of Western visitors (Cole, 974). Cole then argues that McCurry and other Western photographers seem to paint the picture they want to see, not what is actually there, and uses fantasy as a way to make exotic something that is still very real and present in these respective societies. When Cole evaluates Singhs work, he holds it up as an exemplar of what photographers shoulddo. As he writes, [Singhs] work shares formal content with McCurrys: the subcontinental terrain, the eye-popping color, the human presenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Singh gives [his audience] photographs charged with life: not only beautiful experiences or painful scenes but also those in-between moments of drift that make up most of our days (Cole, 972). Because of this style, Cole argues that Singh has a democratic eye and goes above and beyond to take pictures of the entirety of the social space from cities, towns, villages, shops, rivers, worshippers, workers, construction sites, motorbikes, statues, modern furniture, dresses, and the like (Cole, 972). Singh takes approaches from highly sophisticated influences such as Edgar Degas and Helen Levitt, and it shows. Singh is able to tell a story with his photographs in ways McCurry fails to do because McCurry does not capture the wider social space. Rather than using compositional clichà ©s, Singh is able to produce a story that is truly dedicated to providing a more objective account that attempts to break away from preconceived notions. Coles contrast of these two photographers is stark. While Single is always emotionally generous when it comes to acknowledging his subjects for what they are, McCurrys work lacks depth and is a quick message [of] sweetness, pathos, humor that fails to deliver beyond its self-imposed limitations (Cole, 974). McCurrys fantastical portrayals of ancient cultures lack integrity in the eyes of Cole, although this problem is by no means unique to his work. It is a common Western narrative structure. In How to Write About Africa, Binyavanga Wainainaspeaks of the stereotypical images Westerners superimpose onto Africa in their descriptions. Africa is satirized by Wainaia as nothing more than depraved conditions. He writes of an AK-47, prominent ribs, naked breasts as if these subjects are utterly helpless people who are starving to death and rotting (Wainaina, 543 544). He goes into satiric detail about how Africans apparently eat things no other humans eatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and how they wait for the benevolence of the West (Wainaina, 544). While these are all exaggerations, they do make a point: The West is preoccupied with preserving stereotypical Africa. They are obsessed with conservationism and its nature, but they care little beyond this because it is all they see. For Wainaina, however, the real conservationists are the peoples in Africa who truly know the land. Cole and Wainaina both discuss stereotypes as they relate to cultures in India and Africa, which are fueled by Western fantasies. It seems Westerners enjoy telling stories and painting pictures of a lost cultural past, but this is only to maintain their own preconceived notions. They have little to do with the actual lived experiences of these peoples. Masked by these stereotypes, Western spectators see India and Africa as consisting entirely of these brazen caricatures. For Cole, this is just outright bad photography since peoples stories must be told through the photo. If not, then the photo is a mere manipulation of real life. Because any photograph cannot capture the entire social scope of any particular culture, what is chosen for portrayal can paint a distorted, oftentimes dramatized look at marginalized peoples as if they lack agency. This kind of photography most certainly supports a world view with a decidedly Western bent. Like any art, photography embodies subjectivity and bias. What shapes the story of the image goes beyond the subject it captures it also includes the setting, the camera chosen, lighting, and innumerable other elements that go into composing and taking a photograph. If a photographers work falls squarely under the umbrella of photojournalism, there is a responsibility to adhere to a code of ethics to mitigate the subjective aspects. Outside the realm of photojournalism, while Coles criticisms of McCurry related to integrity are well-founded given Western photographys penchant for stereotypes and fantasy in the depiction of other cultures, demanding that photographers always capture the fullness of a peoples culture and story in each photograph goes too far. Besides being unrealistic, photography that is more artistic than journalistic should be judged by standards of aesthetics rather than standards revolving around such concepts as objectivity and truth. Finally, aesthetic standard s are themselves subjective and will differ from person to person, which helps explain why much of McCurrys work can be loved by so many but can also invoke criticisms such as those offered by Cole. Works Cited Agtmael, Peter van. Why Facts Arent Always Truths in Photography. Time, Time, 12 May 2016, time.com/4326791/fact-truth-photography-steve-mccurry/. Cole, Teju. A Too-Perfect Picture. The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, Edited by Laura Buzzard et al., Third, Broadview Press, Peterborough, 2016, pp. 971-974. Cooke, Alex. The Case of Steve McCurry: What Is Truth in Photography? Fstoppers, Fstoppers, 12 May 2016, fstoppers.com/editorial/case-steve-mccurry-what-truth-photography-129505. Letzter, Rafi. The Afghan Girl Photographer Faked Some of His Photos. Does It Matter? Business Insider, Business Insider, 21 May 2016, www.businessinsider.com/steve-mccurry-photo-editing-scandal-2016-5. Wainaina, Binyavanga. How To Write About Africa. The Broadview Anthology of Expository Prose, Edited by Laura Buzzard et al., Third, Broadview Press, Peterborough, 2016, pp. 543-546.

Volunteering Changed My Life :: Contribution to My Community Service

Community Service is a great opportunity to make a difference in the area you live in. There are so many ways to volunteer. Some people are given chances to do community service when they need to pay off fines for tickets. Most people simply do because they love getting involved. It’s their way of making the community a cleaner, healthier place. Tutoring kids is one type of community service. I can say from experience teaching kids to learn is a great feeling. I know because I’ve been tutoring kids for almost seven months. You’ll be surprised how it makes you feel. To have one of your students’ parents thank you because there child has never been able to make an â€Å"A† in there reading or math class. Just hearing those words lets me know that I am already making a difference. The place that I volunteer at is Casa De Amigos and the children that go there really look up to you. Yes you’re helping them to be able to reach their goals but you’re also teaching them that helping the community can change so many lives. There are many activities that will help the community. Another way that I have experience is picking up trash. This one is very important because you are helping the environment and town that you live in. So why not help your environment to be able to apply for a scholarship. It’s also a fun way to meet people that enjoy making a difference. Picking up trash is one of the most common types of community service. There are so many volunteers a day picking up trash in their neighborhood and all around town. To be able to get involved all you do is call the Midland City Department and they will be glad to guide you where to go so you can help our community. Another service that I have done has been to volunteer at the West Campus Hospital gift shop. It was a great experience for me; if I had the time I would make the effort to volunteer again. For people that is good at socializing with others and love organizing I would recommend volunteering at the gift shop. Volunteering Changed My Life :: Contribution to My Community Service Community Service is a great opportunity to make a difference in the area you live in. There are so many ways to volunteer. Some people are given chances to do community service when they need to pay off fines for tickets. Most people simply do because they love getting involved. It’s their way of making the community a cleaner, healthier place. Tutoring kids is one type of community service. I can say from experience teaching kids to learn is a great feeling. I know because I’ve been tutoring kids for almost seven months. You’ll be surprised how it makes you feel. To have one of your students’ parents thank you because there child has never been able to make an â€Å"A† in there reading or math class. Just hearing those words lets me know that I am already making a difference. The place that I volunteer at is Casa De Amigos and the children that go there really look up to you. Yes you’re helping them to be able to reach their goals but you’re also teaching them that helping the community can change so many lives. There are many activities that will help the community. Another way that I have experience is picking up trash. This one is very important because you are helping the environment and town that you live in. So why not help your environment to be able to apply for a scholarship. It’s also a fun way to meet people that enjoy making a difference. Picking up trash is one of the most common types of community service. There are so many volunteers a day picking up trash in their neighborhood and all around town. To be able to get involved all you do is call the Midland City Department and they will be glad to guide you where to go so you can help our community. Another service that I have done has been to volunteer at the West Campus Hospital gift shop. It was a great experience for me; if I had the time I would make the effort to volunteer again. For people that is good at socializing with others and love organizing I would recommend volunteering at the gift shop.

Market Power

Market power allows firms to increase economic profit through strategic tactics such as erecting barriers to entry, reducing rivalry, limiting substitutes, and reducing the power of buyers and suppliers (Brickley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009). Furthermore, market power is defined as â€Å"a company's ability to manipulate price by influencing an item's supply, demand or both. A company with market power would be able to affect price to its benefit. Firms with market power are said to be â€Å"price makers† as they are able to set the price for an item while maintaining market share† (Investopedia, 2013).Essentially, companies must control all of the aspects of market power in order to be able to raise prices without losing customers. If a market is easy to enter (lack of entry barriers), then a price increase will allow another firm to erode profits by introducing a lower-cost product. Similarly, if rivalry is not reduced, each price increase will allow for a rival to keep prices the same and gain market share. In addition, substitutes at lower prices will hinder efforts to raise prices. Finally, if a company has few buyers, the buyers have the power. Therefore, price increases will be met with a potential loss of major profit centers.In the NBC Video News Report: How to Raise Prices Without Losing Customers, Bob Prosen alludes to several practices that allow companies to raise customers without losing demand. Essentially, Prosen provides consultation on how to create inelastic demand, where a change in price does not result in a significant change of demand. For example, increasing the value proposition reduces the likelihood of substitute products (substitutes must copy increased value) and decreases rivalry (steps above rivals), resulting in the greater market power needed to raise prices.Prosen states that increasing value makes the customer appreciate the company more, resulting in the ability to raise price (Ramberg, 2012). As another example, Prosen stresses the importance of developing relationships, â€Å"people like to do business with people they like† (Ramberg, 2012). Essentially, Prosen is suggesting erecting barriers to entry by creating friendships and alliances, again resulting in increased market power needed to raise prices. As a capstone example of the need for market power, Research byMark McCabe of the Georgia Institute of Technology demonstrates the market power of academic journal vendors. Essentially, McCabe found that the consolidation of academic journal vendors (libraries) has led to an oligopoly, and therefore the price structure of academic journals is highly inelastic (McCabe, 2000). Because recent mergers had resulted in few suppliers, vendors of academic journals were able to control the market and raise prices through the use of supplier power. The demand for quality research for use in education cannot change; it is required.Therefore, a change in price will not result in a drop in deman d. References Brickley, J. A. , Smith, C. W. , & Zimmerman, J. L. (2009). Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Investopedia. (2013, March 20). Market Power. Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/market-power. asp McCabe, M. J. (2000). Academic Journal Pricing and Market Power:. THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, 259-269. JJ Ramberg (Author). MSNBC (Publisher). (07/20/2008). How to Raise Prices Without Losing

Russels Nash essays

Russel's Nash essays An Article on John Forbes Nash, Jr. ¡s character in movie A Beautiful Mind This Article is about Mr. Nash ¡s character in Movie A beautiful mind.  ¡ If Russell Crowe does not get the Oscar for Best Actor for playing John Nash in A beautiful Mind the Acedemy ¡s injudiciousness will disappoint audiences across the globe that will have seen A beautiful Mind and experienced the finest performance in recent years  ¡  ¡ A Beautiful Mind  ¡ the intense human drama of a true genius is inspired by events in the life of mathematician John Forbes Nash, Jr. A beautiful mind is a compelling cinematic rendition of a schizophrenic genius ¡ mental fragmentation and battle to overcome it to claim his rightful place in history. A beautiful Mind ¡s Nash spans from the early 20s to recent times and even best of prosthesis can not match a seamless performance by Russell Crowe. As Nash moves, his face and physical attributes change and Russell gives the characterization his all. It ¡s been a real challenge for Russell to internalize the character who has made an astonishing discovery early in his career, was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia later and after 30 years of mental struggle wins Noble prize, and regains his rightful place in history. For any learning actor it would be helpful to analyze Russell ¡s character-internalization method. Clear understanding of psychological developments of character connects actor directly with character ¡s instincts and emotions and thus unable him to internalize character completely, resulting in deeply felt performance. Having this in my mind, I would like to dwell on psychological profile of Mr. John Nash. Psychological development of character can be divided into three stages: 1) Young Nash ( time at Princeton University ) 2) Adult Nash ( patient of paranoid schizophrenia ) 3) Old Nash ( Recovery from illness ) X The facts we know about Mr. Nash are th...

Influences of Personal Computers Today essays

Influences of Personal Computers Today essays Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, people wanted and needed an easier way of calculating and measuring. Through the dreams of Charles Babbage, the computer was born. These new machines could do any regular math more than twice as fast as any human. Sadly, these ideas were not appreciated until almost one hundred years later. In the 1950's, the idea of computers was broght up again. This is when people finally started crediting Babbage's work. The technology available now made it possible for people to construct a digital computer. The idea of building a computer became a necessity when World War II came about. Many important names such as ENIAC and IBM cam about, and computers became a very wide interest in the world. What influenced personal computers of today? The thought of a machine being more intelligent than a mathmetician was laughed at, and thought of as an impossibility. That all changed when Charles Babbage was brought into the world. Charles Babbage was a mathmetician, engineer, and a future computer designer. He was actually known as the "Grandfather" (Slater 3) of the modern day computer. He was and still is, thought of as ahead of his time. Charles Babbage entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1810. There he studied mathematics and chemistry. Between 1815 and 1820, he was involved mostly in mathematics, studying algebra. In 1822, he finally built his first mechanical computer, the Difference Engine. This was the first ever mechanical computer. It could add, subtract, divide, and multiply. He then started working on a more advanced machine in 1834, the Analytical Engine. This would be much more advanced than the Difference Engine. It would be steam powered and fully automatic. This would have been his greatest achievement. Unfortunately, the technology available to him was not advanced enough for Babbage to build, what would have been, the first digital computer. Another reason he never bui...

Annual Report- Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annual Report- Starbucks - Essay Example The financial performance of the company during the first quarter of the current year speaks for itself. The consolidated net revenues increased to $2.7 billion, representing an increase of 4% over the previous period. Store sales increased by 4% both due to increased traffic and higher average ticket. Consolidated operating margin improved by 850 basis points to 13%. Earnings per share have registered an impressive rise of nearly 250% and stood at $0.32 in 2010 as compared to $0.09 for the comparative period in 2009. The improved performance is the result of the enthusiastic response to our products and services by our customers. Our continuing efforts at innovation, and success in providing our customers with enhanced experiences, along with cost reduction measures, have contributed to the better performance. As we continue to direct our efforts in these areas, we are confident of being able to maintain the momentum of growth that we have achieved. To consolidate the gains made by us in the previous year, and to sustain and improve on our growth, we are adopting a strategy of structural changes that is expected to improve performance through a new and powerful regional support model. In addition to making changes to our approach in established markets, we are also expanding in emerging markets, particularly China, which we foresee as our largest market outside the United States. In keeping with our mission of being more than passionate purveyors of coffee, we continue to concentrate on providing a rewarding overall experience to our customers. In this effort, we continue to be guided by our values such as respect for the individual, promoting diversity, and adherence to the highest ethical standards in all our operations. As we march ahead with the confidence generated by the success of our innovative approaches in the year just gone by, and the enthusiastic response of our

Culture and Organisations of Daimler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Culture and Organisations of Daimler - Essay Example Two German automobile manufacturers Benz & Co. and Daimler Motor Company merged together in 1926 and named the new company Daimler-Benz. Its Mercedes cars were arguably the best example of German quality and engineering. Another merger came in 1998 when Daimler-Benz and U.S. based Chrysler Corporation, two leading global car manufacturers, agreed to combine their businesses which was then perceived to be a ‘merger of equals’ (Casestudy, 2008). This merger was supposed to be the third in the world in terms of revenues, market capitalization and earnings, ranking after GM and Ford. It was also considered to be fifth in terms of the number of passenger cars and trucks sold, ranking GM, Ford, Toyota and Volkswagen. However, within two years of the Daimler-Chrysler merger, the company suffered third quarter losses of more than half a billion dollars and in 2001 they slashed about 26000 jobs at its ailing Chrysler division. What was described as ‘marriage made in heavenà ¢â‚¬â„¢ in 1998, the Daimler-Chrysler merger proved to be a costly mistake for both the companies. In early 2007, Daimler was forced to sell 80 percent of Chrysler to private equity firm Cerberus Capital Management LLC which ended a nine-year merger. Critics believe that though strategically the merger made good business sense, the two organizations had contrasting culture and management styles that hindered the synergy. Organizations are no more constrained by national borders and partnerships are driven by the need to achieve economies of scale. The expected synergies fail because the cultural fit is ignored. Globalization may have brought companies and nations closer but the difference in organizational culture is perceivable. Culture has been recognized as a strong determinant of beliefs, attitudes and behavior. Research suggests that decision-makers give disproportionate attention to strategic fit as compared to integration